# Perfume ornaments - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/c60e5ac8-d678-49eb-9bb2-56c3382a19d5（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,620 Now turn to section four on page six. 00:00:06,080 Section four. 00:00:08,020 You will hear a museum curator giving a presentation about her museum's collection of perfume containers, also known as perfume ornaments. 00:00:19,580 First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty on pages six and seven. 00:01:05,660 Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:01:13,020 Good morning and welcome to the Walden Gallery. In today's open lecture, I'm going to be talking about our collection of perfume ornaments or containers. These beautiful objects now form a significant part of the museum's collection and are very popular with the public. But this has not always been the case. Up until relatively recently, the large collection of perfume ornaments held in store, donated by Lady Walden at the beginning of the last century, was not considered to be of much interest and was not on show to the general public. Then, as late as nineteen eighty-nine, a visiting professor from the Victoria and Albert Museum commented that some of the objects were worth a great deal, and so the display was created much as you see it here today. 00:02:00,800 Now, before I say anything more about the perfume containers, I thought I'd briefly touch on the background to the development of perfumes themselves. In the West, perfumery really began as late as the eleventh century. Bathing and laundering were considered hazardous undertakings because even though there were ample supplies of water, it was often dirty or even infected. As a consequence, as you can imagine, the air was heavy with unpleasant smells, which had to be countered or covered up. In those early days, perfumes were in solid form and mainly made from spices, leaves, and animal fixatives in paste form. For example, musk and ambergris. Wealthy people, the only people who could afford them, carried small globular vessels known as pomanders. I've brought out one ornament from the collection, the oldest one, in fact, from the fourteenth century, which I'll pass round for you to sample. 00:02:59,860 These pomanders are solid paste balls made of ambergris impregnated with fragrance. The name was derived from the French for apple of ambergris. They must have had a powerful aroma in those days because even now you can smell the fragrance. 00:03:18,100 Now, during the medieval period, basically up until the sixteenth century, perfumes not only made your surroundings smell sweeter, they were believed to have other special properties. Researchers in the nineteenth century revealed that in medieval times, people thought perfumes could help overcome all kinds of bodily ills. But only recently, researchers at our museum have found that they were also believed to significantly raise the spirits of the wearer. 00:03:48,580 Turning now to some more technical details. With the advent of liquid perfume from the mid-eighteenth century, craftsmen had to use precision techniques to ensure there was an airtight seal on the container. It is clear that however beautiful these seemingly fragile objects were, they were essentially utilitarian, designed to stop the extremely valuable substances inside them from evaporating. 00:04:21,660 Let's turn now to have a look at some of the key developments in perfume containers in the last two hundred years or so. From the late eighteenth century onwards, the vinaigrette came into vogue. The vinaigrette was a miniature box which opened on a hinge containing a tiny sponge soaked with perfume. This was placed under a grill through which you could smell the fragrance. It was widely used to carry the highly corrosive scent known as vinegar water, hence the name. The outer box could be made of any material, but the lining was gold because the perfume tended to corrode other substances. 00:05:01,360 From the mid-nineteenth century, vinaigrettes were replaced by more conventional bottles. They were often made of glass, of course, but metal was another common material used, and very occasionally, they were made of more unusual materials like horn. By now, these beautiful objects were more affordable. This was the age of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe, and the bottles were mass-produced and thus available not just to the very wealthy. 00:05:32,680 In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, one company above all became associated with the design and production of perfume bottles, the Tiffany Company. They developed a wide range of designs, most notably based on those of the furniture of the period. Their particular achievement was their stylish and clever working of crystal. Although these perfume ornaments were very expensive, Tiffany & Co were able to use catalogs to reach a wider clientele. 00:06:04,140 Many innovative designs were used in perfume ornaments produced in the nineteen twenties and thirties. The most notable was probably the vanity. This was an ingeniously designed case used not only for holding perfume, but also makeup in a whole maze of tiny additional compartments. 00:06:23,300 It was made in the first instance of ivory, but later Bakelite was used, the resinous plastic which was so popular with all kinds of designers of the period. 00:06:33,300 Now, I've brought along a selection of the items in the collection, which I've set out here. 00:06:39,220 If you'd like to come and get... 00:06:43,840 That is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. 31 The museum started displaying perfume ornaments when 31 The museum started displaying perfume ornaments when - a collection was donated - the public showed an interest in them - an expert decided some of them were valuable **答案**：an expert decided some of them were valuable 原文定位：Up until relatively recently, the large collection of perfume ornaments held in store, donated by Lady Walden at the beginning of the last century, was not considered to be of much interest and was not on show to the general public. Then, as late as nineteen eighty-nine, a visiting professor from the Victoria and Albert Museum commented that some of the objects were worth a great deal, and so the display was created much as you see it here today 同义替换：「display」↔「on show」；「expert」↔「professor」；「valuable」↔「worth a great deal」 ### 32. 32 People needed to wear perfume in the 11 century because 32 People needed to wear perfume in the 11 century because - washing was considered dangerous - soap was not generally available - water shortages were common **答案**：washing was considered dangerous 原文定位：In the West, perfumery really began as late as the eleventh century. Bathing and laundering were considered hazardous undertakings because even though there were ample supplies of water, it was often dirty or even infected. As a consequence, as you can imagine, the air was heavy with unpleasant smells, which had to be countered or covered up 同义替换：「washing」↔「bathing」；「dangerous」↔「hazardous」 ### 33. 33 The perfume ornament known as a 'pomander took its name from 33 The perfume ornament known as a 'pomander took its name from - the substance it was made of - the liquid inside it - the person who invented it **答案**：the substance it was made of 原文定位：These pomanders are solid paste balls made of ambergris impregnated with fragrance. The name was derived from the French for apple of ambergris 同义替换：「took its name from」↔「The name was derived from」 ### 34. 34 In medieval times it was thought that wearing perfume made people 34 In medieval times it was thought that wearing perfume made people - more wealthy - more attractive - more cheerful **答案**：more cheerful 原文定位：But only recently, researchers at our museum have found that they were also believed to significantly raise the spirits of the wearer 同义替换：「thought」↔「believed」；「more cheerful」↔「raise the spirits」 ### 35. 35 Craftsmen found ways of preventing liquid perfume from 35 Craftsmen found ways of preventing liquid perfume from - being spilled - drying up - losing its scent **答案**：drying up 原文定位：With the advent of liquid perfume from the mid-eighteenth century, craftsmen had to use precision techniques to ensure there was an airtight seal on the container. It is clear that however beautiful these seemingly fragile objects were, they were essentially utilitarian, designed to stop the extremely valuable substances inside them from evaporating 同义替换：「preventing」↔「stop」；「drying up」↔「evaporating」 ### 36. 36 The perfume in a vinaigrette was 36 The perfume in a vinaigrette was - preserved in solid form - absorbed by a sponge - heated over a flame **答案**：absorbed by a sponge 原文定位：The vinaigrette was a miniature box which opened on a hinge containing a tiny sponge soaked with perfume 同义替换：「absorbed by」↔「soaked with」 ### 37. 37 Which part of the vinaigrette was made of gold? 37 Which part of the vinaigrette was made of gold? - the inside - the outside - the lid **答案**：the inside 原文定位：The outer box could be made of any material, but the lining was gold because the perfume tended to corrode other substances 同义替换：「inside」↔「lining」 ### 38. 38 Perfume bottles used in the mid- 19"century 38 Perfume bottles used in the mid- 19"century - were imports from outside Europe - could be bought by large numbers of people - were usually made of horn **答案**：could be bought by large numbers of people 原文定位：From the mid-nineteenth century, vinaigrettes were replaced by more conventional bottles;By now, these beautiful objects were more affordable. This was the age of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe, and the bottles were mass-produced and thus available not just to the very wealthy ### 39. 39 Tiffany bottles 39 Tiffany bottles - were produced by a number of companies - could only be bought from catalogues - showed skilled use of crystal **答案**：showed skilled use of crystal 原文定位：In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, one company above all became associated with the design and production of perfume bottles, the Tiffany Company. They developed a wide range of designs, most notably based on those of the furniture of the period. Their particular achievement was their stylish and clever working of crystal. Although these perfume ornaments were very expensive, Tiffany & Co were able to use catalogs to reach a wider clientele 同义替换：「showed skilled use of crystal」↔「clever working of crystal」 ### 40. 40 The 'Vanity' was 40 The 'Vanity' was - used for storing cosmetics - the smallest perfume ornament ever made - developed in the 1950s **答案**：used for storing cosmetics 原文定位：The most notable was probably the vanity. This was an ingeniously designed case used not only for holding perfume, but also makeup in a whole maze of tiny additional compartments 同义替换：「storing」↔「holding」；「cosmetics」↔「makeup」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。