How to be happy

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题目与答案

1. a reference to a fact that two scientists use the same technique to promote their own happiness
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：Fernando believes the brain can be trained to make us happy and that his video method is one way to achieve this

   同义替换：「technique」↔「method」，「promote」↔「find more」

2. the suggestion that scientific opinion about an aspect of brain function has changed over a given time period
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：This is relatively new thinking;just 30 years ago, neuroscientists believed that adult brain cells couldn't regenerate

3. an estimate of how numerous some brain components are
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：In the soft tissue that forms the brain, there are approximately ten trillion synapses connecting roughly a hundred billion neurons

   同义替换：「estimate」↔「approximately」，「brain components」↔「synapses」

4. the reason why some educational courses were set up
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：Foundation CEO Judi Clements says, 'it's a valuable approach because children are told to pay attention, but aren't told how to pay attention

5. It's better to look for a variety of ways to increase happiness than focus on just one.
   • Tony Fernando
   • Richard Davidson
   • Rick Hanson
   • Judi Clements
   • Carsten Grimm
   • Nathan Consedine

   答案：Carsten Grimm

   原文定位：What he found was that people who used several pathways to happiness achieved the best results, suggesting it's better to have a balance than concentrate on the single pathway you most identify with

   同义替换：「a variety of ways」↔「several pathways」，「focus on」↔「concentrate on」，「one」↔「single」

6. Focusing on personal achievements rather than negative experiences will make people happier.
   • Tony Fernando
   • Richard Davidson
   • Rick Hanson
   • Judi Clements
   • Carsten Grimm
   • Nathan Consedine

   答案：Rick Hanson

   原文定位：Hanson explains that resting it on pleasant feelings and the things you have accomplished means that over time your brain will take on a different shape, with strength and optimism hard-wired into it

   同义替换：「Focusing on」↔「resting your mind on」，「achievements」↔「accomplished」，「make people happier」↔「strength and optimism hard-wired into it」

7. Happy people might have a reason not to display one favourable characteristic.
   • Tony Fernando
   • Richard Davidson
   • Rick Hanson
   • Judi Clements
   • Carsten Grimm
   • Nathan Consedine

   答案：Nathan Consedine

   原文定位：He cites a study, for example, which showed that people who were happier were less inclined to show sympathy

   同义替换：「might have a reason not to display」↔「were less inclined to show」，「favourable characteristic」↔「sympathy」

8. A range of groups are becoming more interested in learning techniques to improve happiness.
   • Tony Fernando
   • Richard Davidson
   • Rick Hanson
   • Judi Clements
   • Carsten Grimm
   • Nathan Consedine

   答案：Judi Clements

   原文定位：We're detecting a hunger for it from different organisations and professions as well, so the Foundation is soon going to pilot an online 'well-being game' in several workplaces

   同义替换：「A range of groups」↔「different organisations and professions」，「becoming more interested in」↔「hunger for」，「learning techniques to improve happiness」↔「well-being」

9. Auckland University's Centre for Brain Research

   Associate Professor Johanna Montgomery says that current research into brain activity and behaviour only relates to 22_____ so Hanson's theories have not been proved correct.

   答案：animals

   原文定位：She accepts that it's a logical explanation based on studies from animals, but we haven't yet got the technology to prove it scientifically in humans

   同义替换：「relates to」↔「based on」，「research」↔「studies」，「theories have not been proved correct」↔「haven't yet got the technology to prove it scientifically in humans」

10. While scans do show that positive stimuli result in more 23_____ reaching parts of the brain, this isn't proof that the brain is getting stronger.

    答案：blood

    原文定位：It's true that MRI scans certainly do indicate an increased flow of blood to different areas of the brain which are experiencing positive stimuli

    同义替换：「show」↔「indicate」，「positive stimuli result in more」↔「increased flow of」，「reaching parts of」↔「to different areas of」

11. But Montgomery is making progress. In laboratory experiments, scientists use 24_____ to initiate brain activity, because it's similar to natural processes.

    答案：electricity

    原文定位：In the laboratory, when scientists want to experiment with synaptic connections, they stimulate the brain with electricity, as this copies the high-frequency firings that happen normally in the brain every second

    同义替换：「initiate」↔「stimulate」，「similar to natural processes」↔「copies the high-frequency firings that happen normally in the brain」

12. One finding is that hormones can be compared to the 25_____ because both can change human behaviour.

    答案：weather

    原文定位：the hormones that are released routinely in response to good or bad situations—such as adrenaline—act to regulate the brain, in the same way that weather has a regulating effect on human activity more generally

    同义替换：「can be compared to」↔「in the same way that」，「both can change human behaviour」↔「regulate the brain」

13. But scientists understand some stimuli, such as 26_____ better than they understand more positive stimuli.

    答案：fear

    原文定位：More is known about the impact on brain activity of prolonged periods of fear than the effects of 'happiness' hormones that are released by positive events in life

    同义替换：「understand」↔「known about」，「positive stimuli」↔「happiness hormones」