Seeing in the sea

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. An explanation of why improving one aspect of underwater vision may weaken another
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：An eye designed to gather as much light as possible may function well in darkness but usually processes detail more slowly. Conversely, an eye that detects rapid movement accurately often requires stronger illumination

   同义替换：「improving one aspect of underwater vision」↔「gather as much light as possible」

2. A description of how the researchers prepared the animals before conducting the experiments
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：Before testing began, each fish was kept in darkness for at least 30 minutes so that its visual system could adjust to low;light conditions

   同义替换：「prepared the animals」↔「each fish was kept in darkness」，「before conducting the experiments」↔「Before testing began」，「researchers」↔「team」

3. An example of two closely related fish displaying very different capacities for processing movement
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：E

   原文定位：The most striking contrast occurred between weakfish and spotted seatrout. Although the two species belong to the same genus, their visual systems process changing images at very different speeds

   同义替换：「two closely related fish」↔「two species belong to the same genus」，「displaying very different capacities」↔「at very different speeds」

4. A visual ability whose value may decline in water containing a large amount of suspended material
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：This ability may help weakfish detect objects or prey under suitable conditions, although its usefulness is probably reduced in highly turbid water because ultraviolet light is absorbed and scattered quickly

   同义替换：「whose value may decline」↔「its usefulness is probably reduced」，「water containing a large amount of suspended material」↔「highly turbid water」

5. The argument that information about animal senses has a practical role in protecting fish populations
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：Horodysky argues that studying the relationship between sensory physiology and animal behaviour is consequently important for fisheries management. Protecting a population requires more than counting the number of fish; it also requires an understanding of whether those animals can still perceive and function effectively in their changing environment

   同义替换：「information about animal senses」↔「studying the relationship between **sensory physiology** and animal behaviour」，「has a practical role」↔「is consequently important for fisheries management」

6. 19-20 Which TWO characteristics did the researchers associate with the bottom-feeding Atlantic croaker and spot?
   • They were particularly effective at detecting weak light.
   • They could function across a comparatively wide range of brightness.
   • They processed flickering images faster than all the other species.
   • They were the only fish able to respond to ultraviolet wavelengths.
   • Their eyes were highly specialised for one visual task.

   答案：They were particularly effective at detecting weak light.,They could function across a comparatively wide range of brightness.

   原文定位：Atlantic croaker and spot, which commonly feed near the bottom, displayed particularly high sensitivity to faint light. Their visual systems also operated effectively across a relatively broad range of light intensities

   同义替换：「characteristics」↔「Their visual systems also operated」

7. 21-22 Which TWO statements are correct about the weakfish?
   • It recorded the highest flicker-processing rate in bright conditions.
   • It normally depends on clear surface water when hunting.
   • Its visual responses were slower than those of the other species.
   • Its eyes allowed ultraviolet wavelengths to reach the retina.
   • Its sensitivity to different wavelengths remained unchanged between day and night.

   答案：Its visual responses were slower than those of the other species.,Its eyes allowed ultraviolet wavelengths to reach the retina.

   原文定位：Weakfish, by contrast, had the slowest response;Examination of the tissues inside their eyes showed that ultraviolet wavelengths could pass through the cornea, internal fluid and lens, making some form of ultraviolet vision possible

   同义替换：「had the slowest response」↔「visual responses were slower than those of the other species」，「allowed ultraviolet wavelengths to reach the retina」↔「internal fluid and lens」

8. The Investigation

   The researchers used electroretinography to record electrical activity in the fishes’ 23_____ .

   答案：retina

   原文定位：This technique records small changes in electrical activity in the retina when the eye is exposed to light

   同义替换：「electroretinography」↔「technique」，「record electrical activity」↔「records small changes in electrical activity」

9. Before being tested, the animals spent a minimum of 30 minutes in darkness. The scientists assessed the speed of visual processing by exposing each fish to 24_____ light.

   答案：flickering

   原文定位：Second, they presented rapidly flickering light. By gradually increasing the flicker rate, they could identify the point at which the fish’s visual system was no longer able to distinguish separate flashes. This measurement provided an indication of how quickly visual information could be processed

   同义替换：「assessed the speed of visual processing」↔「provided an indication of how quickly visual information could be processed」

10. They found that species which frequently searched for food near the seabed generally had a greater 25_____ to low levels of illumination.

    答案：sensitivity

    原文定位：Atlantic croaker and spot, which commonly feed near the bottom, displayed particularly high sensitivity to faint light

    同义替换：「searched for food near the seabed」↔「feed near the bottom」，「greater」↔「high」，「low levels of illumination」↔「faint light」

11. Although the fishes appeared well suited to their natural habitats, increasing 26_____ caused by human activity may transform their visual environment more quickly than they can evolve.

    答案：turbidity

    原文定位：As a result, water may become darker and more turbid, changing both the quantity and the colour of the available light. Evolutionary adjustment occurs over many generations, whereas human;driven changes in water quality can happen within decades

    同义替换：「increasing」↔「more」，「caused by human activity」↔「human‑driven changes in water quality」，「transform their visual environment」↔「changing both the quantity and the colour of the available light」，「more quickly than they can evolve」↔「Evolutionary adjustment occurs over many generations」