The Burgess Shale fossils

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题目与答案

1. 1 The Burgess Shale became widely known to the public because of Gould’s book.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：It was discovered in the Canadian Rockies over a century ago and was popularised in 1989 in a book, Wonderful Life, by Stephen Jay Gould an American palaeontologist

   同义替换：「became widely known to the public」↔「popularised」

2. Burgess Shale Creatures

   | Name | Feature |

   | Opabinia | - five eyes |

   | | - tail resembling a 10_____ |

   | | - claws used to hold 11_____ |

   | Nectocaris | - looked like a 12_____ - fins |

   | | - tentacles |

   | Hallucigenia | - spines used to 13_____ |

   | | - tentacles |

   答案：fan|||food|||leech|||move

   原文定位：Opabinia;had five eyes, a body that was a series of lobes, a tail in the shape of a fan;The proboscis had a set of grasping claws on the end, with which it grabbed food and stuff it into its mouth;Nectocaris, meanwhile, could be mistaken for a leech, with fins and tentacles;With its multiplicity of spines and tentacles, little about Hallucigenia made sense

   同义替换：「resembling」↔「in the shape of」，「claws used to hold」↔「grabbed」，「looked like」↔「could be mistaken for」

3. 2 Charles Walcott had to get permission from Canadian authorities to gain access to the fossil site.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：American palaeontologist Charles Walcott, following reports of fabulous fossils finds by construction workers on Canadian railways who were digging in the mountains in the late 19th century, is said to have tripped over a block of shale in 1909 that revealed the area’s remarkable supply of specimens

4. 3 The Burgess Shale includes impressions of soft and hard body parts.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：An unusual feature of the Burgess Shale is that it is one of the earliest fossil beds to contain impressions of the soft body parts alongside the remains of bones and shells, which is highly unusual

   同义替换：「includes」↔「contain」，「hard body parts」↔「bones and shells」

5. 4 The Burgess Shale creatures were land animals.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The creatures were preserved when an entire marine ecosystem was buried in mud;Although the fossil bed was discovered on a mountain, these animals originally existed below an ocean

6. 5 Researchers now believe that Hallucigenia is unrelated to any modern creature.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：It is now thought to be an ancestor of the modern group of arthropods, which includes everything from flies and butterflies to centipedes and crabs

   同义替换：「believe」↔「thought」，「creature」↔「group」

7. Burgess Shale

   Formation:

   - Burgess Shale was formed following a time called the 6_____ .

   答案：Cambrian explosion

   原文定位：The Burgess Shale began to form soon after a period of time known as the Cambrian explosion, when most major groups of complex animals arose over a surprisingly short period

   同义替换：「formed following」↔「began to form soon after」，「called」↔「known as」

8. Discovery and Investigation in the twentieth century:

   - discovered in 1909

   - Charles Walcott learned of the fossil finds from people building a 7_____ .

   答案：railway

   原文定位：American palaeontologist Charles Walcott, following reports of fabulous fossils finds by construction workers on Canadian railways who were digging in the mountains in the late 19th century

   同义替换：「people building」↔「construction workers」

9. - the first work on Burgess Shale was undertaken at the start of the century

   - a researcher looked at Burgess Shale findings again in 8_____ .

   答案：1979

   原文定位：Weirdest of all was Hallucigenia, described by palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris when he re-examined Walcott’s specimens in 1979

   同义替换：「findings again」↔「re-examined」

10. Recent theories:

    - Peter Van Roy

    - believes that discoveries in Morocco show that the 9_____ of complex life forms continued.

    答案：evolution

    原文定位：This suggests that the evolution of such complex life went on uninterrupted

    同义替换：「continued」↔「went on uninterrupted」