雅思阅读真题（Part 2）

Malaria combat in Italy

Part 2 · 考频：超高频 · 最近考试：2023.11.25/2018.11.10/2018.8.2Asia/2014.7.10

文章内容（节选）

A 

Everybody now knows that malaria is carried by mosquitoes. But in the 19th century, most experts believed that the disease was produced by "miasma" or "poisoning of the air". Others made a link between swamps, water and malaria, but did not make the further leap towards insects. The consequences of these theories were that little was done to combat the disease before the end of the century. Things became so bad that 1 lm Italians (from a total population of 25m) were "permanently at risk". In malarial zones the life expectancy of land workers was a terrifying 22.5 years. Those who escaped death were weakened or suffered from splenomegaly - a "painful enlargement of the spleen" and "a lifeless stare". The economic impact of the disease was immense. Epidemics were blamed on southern Italians, given the widespread belief that malaria was hereditary. In the 1880s, such theories began to collapse as the dreaded mosquito was identified as the real culprit.

 

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题目与答案

  1. 14 Before the link between malaria and _____ was established,

    答案：insects|mosquitoes

    原文定位：Others made a link between swamps, water and malaria, but did not make the further leap towards insects. In the 1880s, such theories began to collapse as the dreaded mosquito was identified as the real culprit

  2. 15 there were many popular theories circulating among the public, one of which points to _____ , the unclean air.

    答案：miasma

    原文定位：But in the 19th century, most experts believed that the disease was produced by "miasma" or "poisoning of the air

  3. 16 The lack of proper treatment affected the country so badly that rural people in malaria infested places had extremely short _____ .

    答案：life expectancy

    原文定位：In malarial zones the life expectancy of land workers was a terrifying 22.5 years

  4. 17 The disease spread so quickly, especially in the south of Italy, thus giving rise to the idea that the disease was _____ .

    答案：hereditary

    原文定位：Epidemics were blamed on southern Italians, given the widespread belief that malaria was hereditary

  5. 18 People believed in these theories until mosquito was found to be the _____ in the 1880s.

    答案：culprit|real culprit

    原文定位：In the 1880s, such theories began to collapse as the dreaded mosquito was identified as the real culprit

  6. 19 The volunteers of the Italian experiments that provided assuring evidence were from all over Italy.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：By experimenting on healthy volunteers (mosquitoes were released into rooms where they drank the blood of the human guinea pigs), Grassi was able to make the direct link between the insects (all females of a certain kind) and the disease

  7. 20 It's possible to come out of malarial zones alive.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：Definitive proof of these new theories was obtained after an extraordinary series of experiments in Italy, where healthy people were introduced into malarial zones but kept free of mosquito bites-and remained well

  8. 21 The government successfully managed to give all people quinine medication.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：It was originally decided to give quinine to all those in certain regions-even healthy people; peasants were often suspicious of medicine being forced upon them. Doctors were sometimes met with hostility and refusal, and many were dubbed "poisoners

  9. A breakthrough in the theory of the cause of malaria
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：B

    原文定位：Giovanni Battista Grassi, a naturalist, found that a particular type of mosquito was the carrier of malaria;Soon, doctors and scientists made another startling discovery: the mosquitoes themselves were also infected and not mere carriers;Definitive proof of these new theories was obtained after an extraordinary series of experiments in Italy

  10. A story for today's readers
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：As there are still more than 1m deaths every year from malaria worldwide, Snowden's book also has contemporary relevance. This is a disease that affects every level of the societies where it is rampant. It also provides us with "a message of hope for a world struggling with the great present-day medical emergency

  11. A description of an expert who didn't do anything to restrict the spread of disease
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：Shamefully, the Italian malaria expert Alberto Missiroli had a role to play in the disaster: he did not distribute quinine, despite being well aware of the epidemic to come;Missiroli allowed the epidemic to spread, in order to create the ideal conditions for a massive, and lucrative, human experiment

  12. A setback in the battle against malaria due to government policies
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：D

    原文定位：Mussolini's policies in the 20s and 30s are subjected to a serious cross-examination by Snowden. He shows how much of the regime's claims to have "eradicated" malaria through massive land reclamation, forced population removals and authoritarian clean-ups were pure propaganda;The "successes" under fascism were extremely vulnerable, based as they were on a top-down concept of eradication. As war swept through the drained lands in the 40s, the disease returned with a vengeance

  13. A description of how malaria affects the human body
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：A

    原文定位：Those who escaped death were weakened or suffered from splenomegaly-a "painful enlargement of the spleen" and "a lifeless stare

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