How to clean a beach

文章内容（节选）

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题目与答案

1. 27 In the case of the Prestige financial loss was avoided.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：But while each new incident, including that of Prestige, brings environmental destruction and financial loss, it also improves our understanding of how to deal with oil spills

2. 28 The ideal solution to oil spills at sea is to stop the oil from reaching the shore.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：Oil is much less damaging at sea than on shore, so the best option is to skim the spilled oil off the surface of the water using specially equipped ships. A series of wooden booms floating on the surface of the water can also be used to protect the coastline

   同义替换：「ideal solution」↔「best option」，「stop the oil from reaching the shore」↔「protect the coastline」

3. 29 Wooden booms have to be put in place immediately in order to be effective.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Oil is much less damaging at sea than on shore, so the best option is to skim the spilled oil off the surface of the water using specially equipped ships. A series of wooden booms floating on the surface of the water can also be used to protect the coastline. But the sea around the Prestige was too rough for the former, and much of the coast too exposed for booms to work, so there was little that could be done except watch the oil wash up onto the beaches

   同义替换：「immediately」↔「」

4. 30 More action could have been taken to prevent oil from the Prestige reaching the Galician shoreline.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：But the sea around the Prestige was too rough for the former, and much of the coast too exposed for booms to work, so there was little that could be done except watch the oil wash up onto the beaches

   同义替换：「More action could have been taken」↔「there was little that could be done」，「shoreline」↔「beaches」，「reaching」↔「wash up onto」

5. 31 In environmental incidents it is considered more important to protect wild animals than plants.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：When oil arrives onshore, the question becomes how best to save affected plants and animals, while minimizing damage to the surrounding ecosystem, without running up a huge bill

   同义替换：「environmental incidents」↔「oil arrives onshore」，「protect wild animals than plants」↔「save affected plants and animals」，「more important」↔「」

6. Net environmental benefit analysis

   In this process, decisions about environmental incidents are made by specialists, but 32_____ is also taken into account.

   答案：local knowledge

   原文定位：To decide what to do, specialists combined their own professional experience with local knowledge in an assessment process known as ‘net environmental benefit analysis

   同义替换：「taken into account」↔「with local knowledge」

7. The factors that are considered include destruction of the environment, more long-term 33_____ aspects such as the effect on tourism,

   答案：socio‑economic

   原文定位：Less immediate socio‑economic repercussions also come into play: local people may rely on shellfish beds, for example, or an affected beach could be a tourist destination

   同义替换：「more long‑term」↔「Less immediate」，「aspects」↔「repercussions」，「such as the effect on tourism」↔「tourist destination」

8. and practical matters that may be linked to the 34_____ of various clean up methods.

   答案：cost

   原文定位：And such practical realities as the cost incurred by a particular cleanup option and how easy it will be to implement are also assessed

   同义替换：「matters」↔「realities」，「various clean up methods」↔「a particular cleanup option」，「may be linked to」↔「incurred by」

9. Several types of intensive clean-up operations have been used in different parts of the world. These include the use of 35_____ in Alaska

   答案：hot water

   原文定位：When oil from the Exxon Valdez polluted the Alaskan shoreline in 1989, hot water applied under high pressure was used to scrub the beaches

   同义替换：「use of」↔「applied」

10. and of 36_____ in England, as well as the employment of heavy machinery in France.

    答案：chemical sprays

    原文定位：When the Torrey Canyon ran aground off the south coast of England in March 1967, oiled beaches were treated with 10,000 tonnes of chemical sprays

    同义替换：「the employment of」↔「were treated with」，「intensive clean‑up operations」↔「Other methods have been even more aggressive than this」

11. 37 Heavy machinery was used in one part of Galicia
    • to improve the appearance of the landscape.
    • to purify domestic water supplies.
    • to allow access to agricultural areas.
    • to protect the local farming industry.

    答案：to protect the local farming industry.

    原文定位：But in one of the areas affected, oil on the surface of the beaches was likely to be washed into the pipe that supplied water to a large fish farm. In the end, the desire to safeguard the farm tipped the balance in favour of building tracks for bulldozers and earthmovers, which scooped up the oil from the beach

    同义替换：「Heavy machinery」↔「bulldozers and earthmovers」，「in one part of Galicia」↔「In one of the areas affected」，「to protect the local farming industry」↔「safeguard the farm」

12. 38 The main lesson learned from the Amoco Cadiz disaster was that in environmentally sensitive areas
    • attempts to clean up oil may prevent effective recovery.
    • more than twenty years is needed for the land to recover.
    • thorough treatment is needed if areas are to recover.
    • every trace of sediment must be removed for a full recovery.

    答案：attempts to clean up oil may prevent effective recovery.

    原文定位：After the Amoco Cadiz disaster in 1978, when nearly a quarter of a million tonnes of oil were spilt off the coast of north‑west France, heavy equipment was sent in to some polluted salt‑marshes, where it scraped up the top half‑metre of sediment. Twelve years later, these areas had still not recovered, whereas the oiled marshes that went uncleaned seemed in good shape

    同义替换：「environmentally sensitive areas」↔「salt‑marshes」，「Amoco Cadiz disaster」↔「Amoco Cadiz disaster」

13. 39 The writer says that at Carnota and similar beaches nearby
    • some areas have been completely cleared of oil traces.
    • sea water can be used to remove patches of oil on the rocks.
    • the large pieces of rock have to be cleaned using machinery.
    • only highly skilled people can help in the cleaning operation.

    答案：sea water can be used to remove patches of oil on the rocks.

    原文定位：Once workers there had done all they could, stubborn patches still remained on rocks and in crevices. A possibility was to move oily rocks down the beach into the surf since this accelerates the natural cleaning process, as can ‘flushing’‑ i.e. pumping sea water over the shore and sifting the oil out of the run‑off

    同义替换：「sea water can be used to remove patches of oil on the rocks」↔「pumping sea water over the shore」，「patches of oil on the rocks」↔「stubborn patches still remained on rocks」

14. 40 Which of the following best summarises the views put forward by the writer in this passage?
    • It would be preferable to prevent oil spills from happening in the first place.
    • There is no single or complete solution to the problem of oil spills.
    • The main factor preventing the effective clearing of oil spills is lack of funding.
    • Environmental considerations should be a low priority when coping with oil spills.

    答案：There is no single or complete solution to the problem of oil spills.

    原文定位：But such difficulties apart, a rough consensus on how to deal with the issues involved in clearing up oil spills has begun to emerge. Every intensive clean‑up option has its drawbacks;But as the coastline became cleaner, the clean up started to cost more for progressively less reward and more environmental damage. The Galicians were then faced with perhaps their most difficult decision: when to stop

    同义替换：「no single or complete solution」↔「Every intensive clean‑up option has its drawbacks」