Evolutionary psychology in the workplace

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题目与答案

1. 27 The writer's purpose in the first paragraph is to
   • oppose the views of Charles Darwin.
   • compare experts' opinions of Darwin's theory.
   • explain the theory of evolutionary psychology.
   • name experts in the field of evolutionary psychology.

   答案：explain the theory of evolutionary psychology.

   原文定位：Darwinian evolutionary theory is the foundation of a new wave of ideas about human behavior in general and particularly the way people behave in the workplace; these ideas have given the title of evolutionary psychology

2. 28 In the third paragraph, which view about evolutionary psychology matches Nicholson's opinion?
   • Our characters determine our career choices.
   • We begin life without any preconceived notions.
   • Our interests and skills depend on our environment.
   • We inherit ideas and characteristics from our ancestors.

   答案：We inherit ideas and characteristics from our ancestors.

   原文定位：He points out that sophisticated research shows the brain actually houses a store of knowledge when we are born, and now genetic research is establishing there are certain genes that account for abilities, tastes, and tendencies. The stored knowledge in the human brain has not changed much since the Stone Age

   同义替换：「characteristics」↔「abilities, tastes, and tendencies」，「inherit ideas」↔「knowledge when we are born」

3. 29 The writer discusses the key element of emotion in order to
   • criticise primitive survival strategies.
   • explain attitudes and actions at work.
   • demonstrate the slowness of evolution.
   • suggest companies today are poorly structured.

   答案：explain attitudes and actions at work.

   原文定位：Emotion was, and continues to be, our radar, guiding us throughout today's techno-defined business world... We still use the emotional part of our minds to make sense of other people's behaviour and to create an impression;This mental predisposition actually works best in small communities;not in much larger environments filled with people we barely know, the modern workplace

4. 30 Which of the following does Nicholson predict will happen in the business world?
   • Companies will remain in city centres.
   • Promotion will no longer motivate people.
   • Employees will be less independent than now.
   • Social interaction will remain important to workers.

   答案：Social interaction will remain important to workers.

   原文定位：He doubts that the high-tech ideas of virtual companies will ever be very successful because people will still want to meet each other face to face

   同义替换：「Social interaction」↔「meet each other face to face」，「remain important」↔「will still want」

5. 31 Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage?
   • How successful companies manage change.
   • Understanding the origins of workplace behavior.
   • Darwin's theories rejected by modern management.
   • Why post-industrial organisations need to evolve more quickly.

   答案：How successful companies manage change.

   原文定位：Darwinian evolutionary theory is the foundation of;particularly the way people behave in the workplace;these ideas are called evolutionary psychology;explaining why people behave as they do, particularly at work;Evolutionary psychology helps managers understand what goes wrong in organisational life;our hunter-gatherer minds;guiding us throughout today’s;business world

   同义替换：「origins」↔「evolutionary」，「workplace behavior」↔「how people behave in the workplace」

6. 32 Nicholson makes a persuasive argument in his book.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：It is an effective approach explaining why people behave as they do, particularly at work

   同义替换：「a persuasive argument」↔「an effective approach」

7. 33 Tooby and Cosmides believe natural selection through the generations has not occurred.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：As Tooby and Cosmides stress, there have not been enough generations for a brain that is well adapted to our post-industrial life to evolve through natural selection

8. 34 Our reliance on technology causes emotional problems in the workplace.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Emotion was, and continues to be, our radar, guiding us throughout today's techno-defined business world. Despite this, the business world emphasises rational, not emotional, behaviour and does not admit the importance of emotion

9. 35 People today are more trusting than they used to be.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：As a consequence, it takes very little to trigger people's innate distrust of others because our safety in antiquity depended on supporting our near family and friends, whom we valued more than other people

10. Nicholson's advice to the corporate world

    Nicholson believes that if we know why people act the way they do, we can 36_____ employees will work more efficiently.
    • business leaders
    • MBA graduates
    • promotion structures
    • reward strategy
    • magic formula
    • strategic planning

    答案：business environments

    原文定位：He thinks that by knowing the reasons for people's behaviour, it is possible to mould corporate environments into places that have more chance of working efficiently and being pleasant places to work in

    同义替换：「corporate」↔「business」

11. Nicholson 37_____ but some executives are more open to what evolutionary psychology says.
    • business leaders
    • MBA graduates
    • promotion structures
    • reward strategy
    • magic formula
    • strategic planning

    答案：MBA graduates

    原文定位：One group that resists the theory of evolutionary psychology is young MBA graduates who are just beginning their careers and feel that evolutionary psychology will make their lives at work more difficult

12. However, these executives still believe that there is a 38_____ that will make employees act according to the company's practices.
    • business leaders
    • MBA graduates
    • promotion structures
    • reward strategy
    • magic formula
    • strategic planning

    答案：magic formula

    原文定位：Older and wiser executives point out that they still tend to cling to the idea of a magic formula to bring people into line with corporate strategy

    同义替换：「act according to the company's practices」↔「bring people into line with corporate strategy」

13. According to Nicholson, we should change our 39_____ business environments,
    • business leaders
    • MBA graduates
    • promotion structures
    • reward strategy
    • magic formula
    • strategic planning

    答案：back-to-front thinking

    原文定位：But that is back-to-front thinking, according to Nicholson, who contends that we should be reinventing our business structures, not our fundamental human nature

14. not our fundamental 40_____ .
    • business leaders
    • MBA graduates
    • promotion structures
    • reward strategy
    • magic formula
    • strategic planning

    答案：human nature

    原文定位：we should be reinventing our business structures, not our fundamental human nature