雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
Part 2 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2026.2.12辽宁大学
A
The advisability of humans participating directly in space travel continues to cause many debates. There is no doubt that the presence of people on board a space vehicle makes its design much more complex and challenging, and produces a large increase in costs, since safety requirements are greatly increased, and the technology providing necessities for human passengers such as oxygen, food water must be guaranteed. Moreover, the systems required are bulky and costly, and their complexity increases for long-duration missions. Meanwhile, advances in electronics and computer science allow increasingly complex tasks to be entrusted to robots, and unmanned space probes are becoming lighter, smaller and more convenient.
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答案：problems in using humans for space exploration
原文定位：The advisability of humans participating directly in space travel continues to cause many debates. There is no doubt that the presence of people on board a space vehicle makes its design much more complex and challenging, and produces a large increase in costs, since safety requirements are greatly increased, and the technology providing necessities for human passengers such as oxygen, food water must be guaranteed. Moreover, the systems required are bulky and costly, and their complexity increases for long-duration missions
同义替换：「problems」↔「much more complex and challenging」，「using humans for space exploration」↔「humans participating directly in space travel」
答案：some limitations of robots in space
原文定位：One human characteristic which is particularly precious in space missions, and which so far is lacking in robots, is the ability to perform a great variety of tasks. In addition, robots are not good at reacting to situations they have not been specifically prepared for. This is especially important in the case of deep space missions. While, in the case of the Moon, it is possible for someone on Earth to 'tele-operate' a robotic device such as a probe, as the two-way link time is only a couple of seconds, on Mars the two- way link time is several minutes, so sending instructions from Earth is more difficult
同义替换：「limitations」↔「lack the ability to perform various tasks」，「robots in space」↔「robotic device」
答案：robots on Earth - a re-evaluation
原文定位：Many of the promises of artificial intelligence are still far from being fulfilled;In the past it was confidently predicted that we would soon have fully automated factories in which all operations were performed without any human intervention;Today, these perspectives are being revised. It seems that all machines, even the smartest ones, must cooperate with humans
同义替换：「re-evaluation」↔「these perspectives are being revised」
答案：a general reconsideration of human/robot responsibilities in space
原文定位：A similar trend is also apparent in the field of space exploration. Tasks which were in the past entrusted only to machines are now performed by human beings;Many operations originally designed to be performed under completely automatic control can be performed more efficiently by astronauts;The human-machine relationship must evolve towards a closer collaboration
同义替换：「reconsideration」↔「past entrusted only to machines are now performed by human beings」，「in space」↔「space exploration」
答案：possible examples of cooperation in space
原文定位：This would involve sending a number of robotic research stations to Mars, equipped with permanent communications and navigational systems. They would perform research, and establish the infrastructure needed to prepare future landing sites for the exploration of Mars by humans. It has also been suggested that in the most difficult environments, as on Venus or Jupiter, robots could be controlled by human beings located in spaceships which remain in orbit around the planet
同义替换：「possible examples」↔「two concrete schemes introduced」，「cooperation in space」↔「humans control robots in planetary exploration」
答案：space settlement and the development of greater self-awareness
原文定位：So the aim for humankind in the future will be not just the exploration of space, but its colonisation. The result of exploring and living in space may be a deep change in the views which humankind has of itself. And this process is already under way. The images of Earth taken from the Moon in the Apollo programme have given humankind a new consciousness of its fragility, its smallness, and its unity
同义替换：「space settlement」↔「colonisation of space」，「greater self-awareness」↔「new consciousness of humankind itself」
答案：Robots will work independently of humans.,Robots will think in the same way as humans.
原文定位：Many of the promises of artificial intelligence are still far from being fulfilled;The construction of machines simulating human logical reasoning moves towards ever more distant dates;In the past it was confidently predicted that we would soon have fully automated factories in which all operations were performed without any human intervention, and forecasts of the complete substitution of workers by robots in many production areas were made
同义替换：「Robots will work independently of humans」↔「complete substitution of workers by robots」，「Robots will think in the same way as humans」↔「machines simulating human logical reasoning」
答案：infrastructure
原文定位：They would perform research, and establish the infrastructure needed to prepare future landing sites for the exploration of Mars by humans
同义替换：「set up」↔「establish」，「before humans arrive」↔「prepare future landing sites for the exploration of Mars by humans」
答案：spaceships
原文定位：It has also been suggested that in the most difficult environments, as on Venus or Jupiter, robots could be controlled by human beings located in spaceships which remain in orbit around the planet
同义替换：「stay in」↔「located in」
答案：communication
原文定位：In this case the link time for communication between humans and robots would be far less than it would be from Earth
同义替换：「increase」↔「would be far less」
答案：laboratories
原文定位：But if space is to be more than a place to build automatic laboratories or set up industrial enterprises in the vicinity of our planet
同义替换：「commercial」↔「industrial」
答案：colonisation
原文定位：So the aim for humankind in the future will be not just the exploration of space, but its colonisation
同义替换：「the final aim of humankind」↔「the aim for humankind in the future」