Can Scientists tell us: What happiness is?

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. An experiment involving dividing several groups one of which received positive icon
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：Showing how easy it is to give people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors making a tricky diagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statements about medicine, one was a control group

2. Professor Seligman countered in an evolutionary theory: survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into the way of thinking for what’s wrong because we have a 10_____ .

   答案：a catastrophic brain

   原文定位：Because our brain evolved during a time of ice, flood and famine, we have a catastrophic brain. The way the brain works is looking for what’s wrong

   同义替换：「survival」↔「evolved」，「forged our brains into the way of thinking for what’s wrong」↔「The way the brain works is looking for what’s wrong」

3. There is bountiful of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply built in the human psyche. Later, at Iowa University, neuroscientists studied the active parts in brains to contrast when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When positive images like 11_____ are shown, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active.

   答案：landscapes or dolphins playing

   原文定位：When subjects see landscapes or dolphins playing, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active

   同义替换：「are shown」↔「see」

4. But when they are shown unpleasant image, the response comes from 12_____ of the brain.

   答案：primitive parts

   原文定位：But when they are shown unpleasant images a bird covered in oil, or a dead soldier with part of his face missing the response comes from more primitive parts of the brain

5. 13 According to Daniel Nettle in the last two paragraphs, what is true as the scientists can tell us about happiness
   • Brain systems always mix liking and wanting together.
   • Negative emotions can be easily rid of if we think positively.
   • Happiness is like nicotine we are craving for but get little pleasure.
   • The inner mechanism of human brains does not assist us to achieve durable happiness.

   答案：The inner mechanism of human brains does not assist us to achieve durable happiness.

   原文定位：Our difficulty, according to Daniel Nettle, is that the brain systems for liking and wanting are separate;At the same time, by a trick of nature, our brains are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness

6. Review of a poorly researched psychology area
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：Since its origins in a Leipzig laboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness and contentment. Mostly psychologists have concerned themselves with weakness and misery;For every 100 psychology papers dealing with anxiety or depression, only one concerns a positive trait

   同义替换：「poorly researched psychology area」↔「has had little to say」

7. Contrast being made about the brains’ action as response to positive or negative stimulus
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：When subjects see landscapes or dolphins playing, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant images a bird covered in oil, or a dead soldier with part of his face missing the response comes from more primitive parts of the brain

   同义替换：「action」↔「response」，「positive」↔「pleasant」

8. The skeptical attitude toward the research seemed to be a waste of fund
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：Can you justify spending funds to research positive states when there are problems such as famine, flood and epidemic depression to be solved

   同义替换：「skeptical attitude」↔「Can you justify」，「waste」↔「spending」

9. a substance that produces much wanting instead of much liking
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：In humans, a drug like nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure

   同义替换：「a substance」↔「a drug like nicotine」，「wanting」↔「craving」，「liking」↔「pleasure」

10. a conclusion that lasting happiness is hardly obtained because of the nature of brains
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：H

    原文定位：At the same time, by a trick of nature, our brains are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness

    同义替换：「hardly obtained」↔「never really achieve」，「the nature of brains」↔「our brains are designed」

11. One description that listed the human emotional categories
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：Of the six universal emotions, four anger, fear, disgust and sadness are negative and only one, joy, is positive

    同义替换：「human emotional categories」↔「six universal emotions」

12. A few pioneers in experimental psychology study what happens when lives go well. Professor Alice divided doctors, making a tricky experiment, into three groups: besides the one control group, the other two either are asked to read humanistic statements about drugs or received 8_____ .

    答案：candy

    原文定位：Isen divided doctors making a tricky diagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statements about medicine, one was a control group

    同义替换：「medicine」↔「drugs」

13. The latter displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Since critics are questioning the significance of the 9_____ for both levels of happiness and classification for the virtues.

    答案：definition

    原文定位：What is the point of defining levels of haziness and classifying the virtues? Aren’t these concepts vague and impossible to pin down