# Development of libraries in Australia - 科目：雅思阅读真题（Part 1） - 最近考试：2026.8.26内蒙古师范大学 - 题目数：13 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/d9cadb18-a9b7-449e-80b1-1fde2d143278（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-11-11 ## 题目原文 A A library is part of the experience of most Australians. Whether it is the school library, the local municipal library, a visit to an imposing State library reading room, or a forage around the shelves of the bookmobile (a mobile library in a truck which services remote areas), a library is where we often 'find out'. According to Brian Johns, at one time Managing Director of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 'It is hard to imagine where we would be without libraries and without organised information; libraries are at the centre of our shared knowledge.' B When the 11 ships of the First Fleet arrived in Australia from England in 1788, they brought not only convicts, soldiers, plants and animals from Britain to the new colony of New South Wales, but also the colony's first printing press and first books. These books were not those of a public library, but the small collections of individuals, or books of the type of learning thought to be necessary in the establishment of a new colony – law books, religious books, books of science and navigation. But as Peter Biskup points out in his book Libraries in Australia, the most important thing brought to Australia in the First Fleet which impacted on the development of libraries was the idea that libraries would be an important asset for the colony. C The first, although unsuccessful, attempt to establish a public library in the new colony of New South Wales was through an appeal to the British public by the Reverend Samuel Marsden. In 1809 he began to collect contributions so that he could set up a library of 'carefully selected books ... suited to the poor settlers employed in agriculture, the soldiers and the convicts'. D In 1821 a catalogue of books in the personal libraries belonging to private citizens in the colony was compiled. From these, a number of libraries began to emerge. The 1820s saw the setting up of subscription libraries, where the user had to pay to borrow books, and by the 1830s the introduction of Schools of Arts, and Mechanics' Institutes had further added to the number of libraries available to the people of the colony. The first of these in Australia was the Van Diemen's Land Mechanics' Institute, Hobart, which opened in that city in 1827. Others followed in Melbourne and other Australian cities and towns. By 1900 Australia supported 1,000 Mechanics' Institutes each with memberships of between 100 and 200 people. Most of these institutes had fewer than 1,000 books. E The 'School of Arts' movement had begun in Britain in the beginning of the 19th century and produced a worldwide response. The first School of Arts opened in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1821, with others opening in Glasgow, Scotland and London, England in 1823. In Australia, the term 'Mechanics' Institute' was popular, but the institutions so named could also be known as Schools of Arts. These schools or institutes were places where people, mainly working class men, could go and hear lectures of use to them in their practical work, or access a library of books, and so improve themselves. F Mechanics' Institutes were very often supported by the colonial governments – usually by land grants and cash assistance. They were particularly popular in country areas where their role often went far beyond their 'library' function to providing a general focus for the community's cultural activities. Because of this important role and because of the support of the colonial governments, Mechanics' Institute buildings were frequently quite imposing, and today form an important part of Australia's built heritage. The Tenterfield School of Arts, Tenterfield, New South Wales, was the venue in which the statesman Henry Parkes made a famous speech, which is now seen as the first step towards the creation of the nation of Australia. G Free municipal libraries began to appear in Australia in the 1850s, as did central public libraries – which largely went on to become the State Libraries. Parliamentary libraries were established to support the work of state parliaments, and a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was set up in Melbourne in 1901 to support the new Commonwealth Parliament. In 1923 the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library became the Commonwealth National Library, the precursor to the National Library of Australia, which became a separate entity under its own Act of Parliament in 1960. H Libraries today are much more than storehouses for books. Technologies like the internet mean libraries now also provide readers with gateways to the online world, and librarians are the finders of knowledge in cyberspace as well as in their own stacks. The internet also makes the National Library of Australia's heritage – the vast collection of books, manuscripts, photos, posters and leaflets – more accessible to more Australians. As the former Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts, Senator Richard Alston stated, libraries are no longer simply storehouses of information and resources, but are actually gateways to information from all over the world. ## 题目与答案 ### 1. | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1_____ arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1_____ arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | **答案**：printing press 原文定位：When the 11 ships of the First Fleet arrived in Australia from England in 1788, they brought not only convicts, soldiers, plants and animals from Britain to the new colony of New South Wales, but also the colony's first printing press and first books 同义替换：「1788」↔「1788」；「First Fleet」↔「First Fleet」；「arrive in Australia」↔「arrive in Australia」 ### 10. 10 Lectures held at the Mechanics' Institutes were unrelated to working life. 10 Lectures held at the Mechanics' Institutes were unrelated to working life. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：FALSE 原文定位：These schools or institutes were places where people, mainly working class men, could go and hear lectures of use to them in their practical work, or access a library of books, and so improve themselves 同义替换：「Lectures」↔「lectures」；「Institutes」↔「institutes」；「unrelated to working life」↔「of use to practical work」 ### 11. 11 Mechanics' Institutes were financially independent of government. 11 Mechanics' Institutes were financially independent of government. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：FALSE 原文定位：Mechanics' Institutes were very often supported by the colonial governments – usually by land grants and cash assistance 同义替换：「Mechanics' Institutes」↔「Mechanics' Institutes」；「financially independent of」↔「cash assistance」 ### 12. 12 Mechanics' Institute buildings remain architecturally significant. 12 Mechanics' Institute buildings remain architecturally significant. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：TRUE 原文定位：Because of this important role and because of the support of the colonial governments, Mechanics' Institute buildings were frequently quite imposing, and today form an important part of Australia's built heritage 同义替换：「Mechanics' Institute buildings」↔「Mechanics' Institute buildings」；「remain」↔「today」；「architecturally significant」↔「an important part of Australia's built heritage」 ### 13. 13 Nowadays, access to the collections of the National Library of Australia is limited. 13 Nowadays, access to the collections of the National Library of Australia is limited. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：FALSE 原文定位：The internet also makes the National Library of Australia's heritage – the vast collection of books, manuscripts, photos, posters and leaflets – more accessible to more Australians 同义替换：「the collections of the National Library of Australia」↔「the National Library of Australia's heritage – the vast collection of」；「access」↔「accessible」；「is limited」↔「more accessible to」 ### 2. | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2_____ library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2_____ library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | **答案**：public 原文定位：The first, although unsuccessful, attempt to establish a public library in the new colony of New South Wales was through an appeal to the British public by the Reverend Samuel Marsden. In 1809 he began to collect contributions so that he could set up a library of 'carefully selected books;suited to the poor settlers employed in agriculture, the soldiers and the convicts 同义替换：「1809」↔「1809」；「Samuel Marsden」↔「Samuel Marsden」；「starts to collect books」↔「began to collect contributions」；「New South Wales」↔「New South Wales」 ### 3. | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3_____ libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3_____ libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | **答案**：subscription 原文定位：The 1820s saw the setting up of subscription libraries, where the user had to pay to borrow books, and by the 1830s the introduction of Schools of Arts, and Mechanics' Institutes had further added to the number of libraries available to the people of the colony 同义替换：「1820s」↔「1820s」；「are established」↔「the setting up of」 ### 4. | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4_____ | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4_____ | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | **答案**：Hobart 原文定位：The first of these in Australia was the Van Diemen's Land Mechanics' Institute, Hobart, which opened in that city in 1827 同义替换：「1827」↔「1827」；「the first Australian Mechanics' Institute」↔「The first of these in Australia was the Van Diemen's Land Mechanics' Institute」 ### 5. | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5_____ and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5_____ and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6..... | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | **答案**：municipal libraries 原文定位：Free municipal libraries began to appear in Australia in the 1850s, as did central public libraries – which largely went on to become the State Libraries 同义替换：「1850s」↔「1850s」；「establishment」↔「began to appear」；「central public libraries」↔「central public libraries」；「free」↔「free」 ### 6. | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6_____ | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | | Year | History of libraries in Australia | | --- | --- | | 1788 | books and a 1..... arrive in Australia with the First Fleet | | 1809 | Samuel Marsden starts to collect books for a new 2..... library in New South Wales | | 1821 | several libraries are started after a catalogue of privately owned books is made | | 1820s | 3..... libraries are established | | 1827 | the first Australian Mechanics' Institute opens in the city of 4..... | | 1850s | the establishment of 5..... and central public libraries which are free | | 1901 | the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library is established in the city of Melbourne | | 6_____ | legislation to establish the independent National Library of Australia is passed | **答案**：1960 原文定位：In 1923 the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library became the Commonwealth National Library, the precursor to the National Library of Australia, which became a separate entity under its own Act of Parliament in 1960 同义替换：「legislation」↔「Act of Parliament」；「independent」↔「separate entity」 ### 7. 7 Most convicts who arrived in Australia could read. 7 Most convicts who arrived in Australia could read. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：NOT GIVEN 原文定位：When the 11 ships of the First Fleet arrived in Australia from England in 1788, they brought not only convicts, soldiers, plants and animals from Britain to the new colony of New South Wales, but also the colony's first printing press and first books 同义替换：「convicts」↔「convicts」；「Most」↔「」；「could read」↔「」 ### 8. 8 Some books brought on the First Fleet dealt with topics considered relevant to setting up a new colony. 8 Some books brought on the First Fleet dealt with topics considered relevant to setting up a new colony. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：TRUE 原文定位：These books were not those of a public library, but the small collections of individuals, or books of the type of learning thought to be necessary in the establishment of a new colony – law books, religious books, books of science and navigation 同义替换：「books brought on the First Fleet」↔「These books」；「considered relevant to」↔「thought to be necessary in」；「setting up a new colony」↔「establishment of a new colony」 ### 9. 9 An early plan to start a public library in New South Wales failed. 9 An early plan to start a public library in New South Wales failed. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：TRUE 原文定位：The first, although unsuccessful, attempt to establish a public library in the new colony of New South Wales was through an appeal to the British public by the Reverend Samuel Marsden 同义替换：「early plan to start a public library」↔「attempt to establish a public library」；「New South Wales」↔「New South Wales」；「failed」↔「unsuccessful」 --- 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