# Science and filmmaking - 科目：雅思阅读真题（Part 3） - 考频：高频 - 最近考试：2024.8.19 - 题目数：14 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/de259bc1-9107-4392-85d8-be042279ce5a（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 Academics are now working more with filmmakers who are impressed by the results of their research in computer generated imagery (CGI) A Every year the film academy in the USA celebrates the outstanding achievements of the year in a ceremony known as the Oscars. In 2004 a notable event took place: the academic world met the cinematographic world when researchers from Stanford University in the USA were awarded an Oscar. These researchers, led by Steve Marschner, were from the field of Computer Graphics at Stanford. They were part of a growing cohort of computer scientists that has become fundamental to moviemaking. Films have demonstrated that CGI can be used to alter an actor's appearance - making them seem younger, older, more fragile, or more powerful - while still looking surprisingly real. However, this effect only works well if the modified actors are not shown in extreme close-up shots. This is because replicating the detailed textures of skin and fabric is difficult, and the illusion becomes less convincing at close range. Marschner and his team made major progress in accurately and realistically reproducing both skin and cloth. They identified that one of the key problems in making believable computer- generated characters is that CGI often treats skin as opaque and flat (two-dimensional), whereas real skin is translucent and has depth (three-dimensional), meaning it lets some light pass through. B The group won an Oscar for successfully creating a CGI system that mimics translucency when light enters the skin, scatters underneath, and then exits again. This process, known as subsurface scattering, is based on mathematical concepts that date back decades to their use in astrophysics. Since human skin naturally possesses translucency, it had to be artificially simulated to capture the soft, realistic quality of actual skin. Earlier CGI systems that assumed skin was fully opaque resulted in characters looking artificial and plastic-like. The breakthrough was so important for giving life to digital characters that, within two years of their research being published, every major visual effects company had adopted it in their rendering software. C Even after receiving their award, the researchers remained determined to perfect their work, believing that the fine details of light reflection still were not reproduced convincingly. They examined closely how skin and fabrics reflect light in different ways depending on their physical structure - the precise arrangement of fibers in cloth and the network of fibers in skin. To investigate this, Marschner's team used computerized tomography, a medical imaging technique most familiar for viewing internal organs. Like traditional X-rays, it uses radiation, but instead of producing a single photographic exposure, it combines images taken from multiple angles in a computer, allowing it to capture subtle details invisible in conventional radiographs. D This advanced imaging provided a highly detailed,three-dimensional map of the microstructure of various materials. By analyzing these maps, the researchers could develop new algorithms that accurately simulate how light interacts with the complex geometry of skin pores and fabric weaves. Their subsequent work focused on replicating the phenomenon of specular reflection, where light glints off individual fibers or skin oils, and diffuse reflection, where light is scattered evenly from a rough surface. This dual approach was crucial for overcoming the final hurdle of achieving photorealism in extreme close-ups, ensuring that a digital character’s skin would show pores and fine wrinkles just like real human skin, and that cloth would exhibit the intricate play of light across its woven threads. ## 题目与答案 ### 27. The Oscar awarded in 2004 was the first one ever given for an achievement in CGI. The Oscar awarded in 2004 was the first one ever given for an achievement in CGI. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：NOT GIVEN 原文定位：In 2004 a notable event took place: the academic world met the cinematographic world when researchers from Stanford University in the USA were awarded an Oscar. These researchers, led by Steve Marschner, were from the field of Computer Graphics at Stanford 同义替换：「Oscar awarded」↔「were awarded an Oscar」；「the first one ever given」↔「」 ### 28. 28 CGI is most effective for altering an actor's appearance in wide shots rather than close-ups. 28 CGI is most effective for altering an actor's appearance in wide shots rather than close-ups. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：FALSE 原文定位：Films have demonstrated that CGI can be used to alter an actor's appearance - making them seem younger, older, more fragile, or more powerful - while still looking surprisingly real. However, this effect only works well if the modified actors are not shown in extreme close-up shots 同义替换：「close‑ups」↔「close‑up shots」；「altering an actor's appearance」↔「used to alter an actor's appearance」 ### 29. 29 Marschner's team was the first group to identify that human skin is translucent. 29 Marschner's team was the first group to identify that human skin is translucent. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：NOT GIVEN 原文定位：They identified that one of the key problems in making believable computer- generated characters is that CGI often treats skin as opaque and flat (two-dimensional), whereas real skin is translucent and has depth (three-dimensional) 同义替换：「the first group to identify」↔「」 ### 30. 30 The mathematical principles behind subsurface scattering were originally developed for filmmaking. 30 The mathematical principles behind subsurface scattering were originally developed for filmmaking. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：FALSE 原文定位：This process, known as subsurface scattering, is based on mathematical concepts that date back decades to their use in astrophysics 同义替换：「principles」↔「concepts」；「originally developed for filmmaking」↔「date back decades to their use in astrophysics」 ### 31. 31 All major visual effects companies started using the new subsurface scattering technique before the research was officially published. 31 All major visual effects companies started using the new subsurface scattering technique before the research was officially published. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：FALSE 原文定位：The breakthrough was so important for giving life to digital characters that, within two years of their research being published, every major visual effects company had adopted it in their rendering software 同义替换：「major visual effects companies」↔「every major visual effects company had adopted it」；「before the research was officially published」↔「within two years of their research being published」 ### 32. After winning the Oscar, the researchers wanted to improve how light 32_____ is shown. After winning the Oscar, the researchers wanted to improve how light 32_____ is shown. **答案**：reflection 原文定位：Even after receiving their award, the researchers remained determined to perfect their work, believing that the fine details of light reflection still were not reproduced convincingly 同义替换：「After winning the Oscar」↔「after receiving their award」；「improve」↔「perfect」；「shown」↔「the fine details of」 ### 33. They studied how the physical composition of skin and cloth affects this. To do this, they employed 33_____, a method from medical science. They studied how the physical composition of skin and cloth affects this. To do this, they employed 33_____, a method from medical science. **答案**：computerized tomography 原文定位：To investigate this, Marschner's team used computerized tomography, a medical imaging technique most familiar for viewing internal organs 同义替换：「employed」↔「used」；「method from medical science」↔「medical imaging technique」 ### 34. This technique uses 34_____ to create composite images from various angles, revealing minute details. This technique uses 34_____ to create composite images from various angles, revealing minute details. **答案**：radiation 原文定位：Like traditional X-rays, it uses radiation, but instead of producing a single photographic exposure, it combines images taken from multiple angles in a computer 同义替换：「This technique」↔「computerized tomography」；「composite images from various angles」↔「combines images taken from multiple angles」 ### 35. The data from this process was used to create a detailed 35_____ of material structures. The data from this process was used to create a detailed 35_____ of material structures. **答案**：map 原文定位：This advanced imaging provided a highly detailed, three-dimensional map of the microstructure of various materials 同义替换：「material structures」↔「microstructure of various materials」；「create」↔「provided」 ### 36. The team then created 36_____ to simulate the interaction of light with these tiny structures. The team then created 36_____ to simulate the interaction of light with these tiny structures. **答案**：algorithms 原文定位：By analyzing these maps, the researchers could develop new algorithms that accurately simulate how light interacts with the complex geometry of skin pores and fabric weaves 同义替换：「created」↔「develop new」；「simulate」↔「accurately」；「tiny structures」↔「complex geometry of skin pores and fabric weaves」 ### 37. 37 What did early CGI systems incorrectly assume about human skin? _____ 37 What did early CGI systems incorrectly assume about human skin? _____ **答案**：fully opaque 原文定位：Earlier CGI systems that assumed skin was fully opaque resulted in characters looking artificial and plastic-like 同义替换：「early CGI systems」↔「Earlier CGI systems」；「human skin」↔「skin」；「incorrectly assume」↔「」 ### 38. 38 What scientific field provided the original mathematical concepts for simulating skin translucency? _____ 38 What scientific field provided the original mathematical concepts for simulating skin translucency? _____ **答案**：astrophysics 原文定位：This process, known as subsurface scattering, is based on mathematical concepts that date back decades to their use in astrophysics 同义替换：「original mathematical concepts」↔「mathematical concepts that date back decades」；「simulating skin translucency」↔「subsurface scattering」 ### 39. 39 What specific visual problem did the researchers address after winning the Oscar to achieve realism in close-ups? _____ 39 What specific visual problem did the researchers address after winning the Oscar to achieve realism in close-ups? _____ **答案**：light reflection 原文定位：Even after receiving their award, the researchers remained determined to perfect their work, believing that the fine details of light reflection still were not reproduced convincingly 同义替换：「winning the Oscar」↔「receiving their award」；「visual problem」↔「details not reproduced convincingly」；「achieve realism in close-ups」↔「perfect their work」 ### 40. 40 Which two types of reflection did the researchers' later work focus on replicating? _____ 40 Which two types of reflection did the researchers' later work focus on replicating? _____ **答案**：specular and diffuse reflection 原文定位：Their subsequent work focused on replicating the phenomenon of specular reflection, where light glints off individual fibers or skin oils, and diffuse reflection, where light is scattered evenly from a rough surface 同义替换：「later」↔「subsequent」；「reflection」↔「reflection」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。