雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
Part 2 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2024.9.14/2019.5.11
A two-man project to use spider silk is achieved after 4 years
A
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答案：a unique work of art
原文定位：A rare textile made from the silk of more than a million wild spiders has been on display at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City;The resulting 11-foot by 4-foot textile is the only large piece of cloth made from natural spider silk existing in the world today
同义替换：「unique」↔「rare」，「work of art」↔「textile on display at museum」
答案：the physical properties of spider silk
原文定位：Spider silk is very elastic and strong compared with steel or Kevlar;But the tensile strength of spider silk is even greater than Kevlar's amid filaments, and greater than that of high-grade steel. Most importantly, spider silk is extremely lightweight;Spider silk is also especially ductile, able to stretch up to 140 percent of its length without breaking. It can hold its strength below -40°C. This gives it a very high toughness
答案：difficulties of raising spiders in captivity
原文定位：Unfortunately;spider silk is extremely hard to mass produce;Unlike silk worms;which are easy to raise in captivity;spiders have a habit of chopping off each other's heads when housed together
同义替换：「Difficulties」↔「extremely hard to mass produce」
答案：experimenting with an old idea
原文定位：Peers came up with the idea of weaving spider silk after learning about the French missionary Jacob Paul Camboue, who worked with spiders in Madagascar during the 1880s and 1890s. Camboue built a small, hand-driven machine to extract silkfrom up to 24 spiders at once, without harming them. The spiders were temporarily restrain their silk extracted, and then let go, Peers managed to build a replica of this 24;spider silking machine that was used at the turn of the century
同义替换：「old idea」↔「used at the turn of the century」
答案：resources needed to meet the project’s demands
原文定位：Fourteen thousand spiders yield about an ounce of silk;Godley said;and the textile weighs about 2.6 pounds;The numbers are overwhelming;To get as much silk as they needed;Godley and Peers began hiring dozens of spider handlers to collect wild arachnids and carefully harvest them to the silk;extraction machine
同义替换：「meet the project’s demands」↔「To get as much silk as they needed」
答案：a scientific analysis of spider silk
原文定位：Several groups have tried inserting spider genes into bacteria or even cows and goats to produce silk, but so far, the attempts have been only moderately successful;Part of the reason it’s so hard to generate spider silk in the lab is that it starts out as a liquid protein that’s produced by a special gland in the spider’s abdomen;Scientists simply can’t replicate the efficiency with which a spider produces silk
答案：Nicholas Godley
原文定位：Fourteen thousand spiders yield about an ounce of silk;Godley said;and the textile weighs about 2.6 pounds;The numbers are overwhelming
同义替换：「tremendous number of」↔「Fourteen thousand」，「small amount of」↔「about an ounce of」
答案：Simon Peers
原文定位：According to Peers, there's scientific research going on all over the world right now trying to replicate the tensile properties of spider silk a apply it to all sorts of areas in medicine and industry, but no one up until now has succeeded in replicating 100 per cent of the properties of natural spider silk
同义替换：「qualities」↔「properties」，「medical」↔「medicine」
答案：Todd Blackledge
原文定位：Every year we’re getting closer and closer to being able to mass produce it, but we’re not there yet
同义替换：「making some progress」↔「getting closer and closer」，「manufacture」↔「mass」
答案：Simon Peers
原文定位：Spider silk is very elastic and strong compared with steel or Kevlar, said textile expert Simon Peers, who co-led the project;But the tensile strength of spider silk is even greater than Kevlar's amid filaments, and greater than that of high-grade steel
同义替换：「compares favorably」↔「even greater than」
答案：bacteria
原文定位：Several groups have tried inserting spider genes into bacteria or even cows and goats to produce silk, but so far, the attempts have been only moderately successful
同义替换：「introducing genetic material into」↔「inserting spider genes into」
答案：gland
原文定位：Part of the reason it’s so hard to generate spider silk in the lab is that it starts out as a liquid protein that’s produced by a special gland in the spider’s abdomen
同义替换：「made in」↔「produced by」，「body」↔「abdomen」
答案：transformation
原文定位：When we talk about a spider spinning silk, we’re talking about how the spider applies forces to produce a transformation from liquid to solid
同义替换：「turns this liquid into solid」↔「from liquid to solid」