Food flavor

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题目与答案

1. 1 The brain determines which aromas we are aware of.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：The taste buds on our tongues can detect the presence of half a dozen basic tastes, but they offer a limited means of detection compared with the human sense of smell, which can perceive thousands of different aromas. Indeed, what we commonly perceive as 'flavor' is primarily the smell of gases produced by the chemicals we've just released by chewing our food

   同义替换：「aromas」↔「aromas」，「determines which aromas we are aware of」↔「」

2. · to test the effects of visual cues on taste, researchers use 10_____ to change the appearance of foods.

   答案：coloured lights

   原文定位：It is not uncommon for flavor researchers to employ colored lights to modify visual cues

   同义替换：「researchers」↔「flavor researchers」，「use」↔「employ」，「change the appearance of foods」↔「modify visual cues」

3. Food ingredients

   ·ingredients described as natural tend to appeal buyers

   ·amyl acetate, which provides the main flavour of 11_____ , can either be produced from the original source or created artificially

   答案：banana

   原文定位：Amyl acetate, for example, provides the dominant ingredient of the banana flavor. When it is distilled from bananas with a solvent, it is classified as 'natural'. When produced by mixing vinegar with amyl alcohol and adding sulphuric acid as a catalyst, amyl acetate is considered 'artificial

   同义替换：「amyl acetate」↔「amyl acetate」，「main flavour」↔「dominant ingredient」，「original source」↔「natural」

4. The flavour industry in the USA

   ·the use of distinctive flavours is considerable, although trials of most new food products result in 12_____

   答案：failure

   原文定位：Approximately 10,000 new processed food products are introduced every year in the USA and almost all of them require flavor additives. In fact, nine out of ten of these new product introductions end in failure

   同义替换：「new food products」↔「new processed food products」，「most」↔「nine out of ten」

5. ·the proportion of flavour added to 13_____ is higher than for most other products.

   答案：soft drinks

   原文定位：Even in soft drinks, which contain a larger percentage of flavor additives than most other products, the flavor adds a relatively minor amount to the expense of production

   同义替换：「proportion」↔「percentage」

6. 2 The sense of taste is as efficient as the sense of smell.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The taste buds on our tongues can detect the presence of half a dozen basic tastes, but they offer a limited means of detection compared with the human sense of smell, which can perceive thousands of different aromas

   同义替换：「sense of taste」↔「sense of taste」，「sense of smell」↔「sense of smell」，「as efficient as」↔「limited means of detection compared with the human sense of smell」

7. 3 Personal tastes in food are developed in infancy.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   同义替换：「Personal tastes」↔「」，「developed in infancy」↔「」

8. 4 Christopher Columbus found many different spices on his travels.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：In 1492, Christopher Columbus, usually credited with the European discovery of the Americas, set sail with the primary goal of finding a more direct way to the East Indies, the source of popular natural seasonings

   同义替换：「Christopher Columbus」↔「Christopher Columbus」，「spices」↔「natural seasonings」

9. 5 In the mid-1880s, man-made flavors were originally invented on purpose.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：The flavor industry emerged in the mid‑19th century as processed food began to be manufactured on a large scale. The food processing industry soon recognized the need to add more taste to their products and turned to the great perfume houses of England, France and the Netherlands. These companies used their long experience of working with essential oils and volatile aromas to develop and supply the industry with flavor additives

   同义替换：「man‑made flavors」↔「flavor additives」

10. 6 The flavour industry followed the fashion industry from Europe to the USA in the late 1940s.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：In the late 1940s, much of the fashion industry shifted from Europe to the USA, and the fragrance and flavor industries also moved in the same direction soon afterwards

    同义替换：「fashion industry」↔「fashion industry」，「flavour industry」↔「flavour industry」，「followed」↔「moved in the same direction soon afterwards」

11. 7 The precision instruments used to create huge numbers of flavours were invented in the USA.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：The invention of gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers scientific instruments capable of detecting low levels of the volatile gases used to create flavors – vastly increased the number of flavors that could be created artificially

    同义替换：「huge numbers of flavours」↔「vastly increased the number of flavours」，「were invented in the USA」↔「」

12. Food flavour

    Colour and taste

    ·chemical colour compounds e.g 8_____ , are used in foods and other unrelated products

    答案：titanium dioxide

    原文定位：A case in point is titanium dioxide, which gives many processed foods, such as candies, a bright white color, and is also a common ingredient in women's cosmetics, as well as in many oil paints

13. · it is likely that people have always used the appearance of food to find out whether it is 9_____ or not.

    答案：edible

    原文定位：Humans have probably always relied on visual cues to help determine what is edible

    同义替换：「have always used」↔「have probably always relied on」，「appearance of food」↔「visual cues」，「find out」↔「determine」