雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
Part 2 · 考频：超高频 · 最近考试：2025.3.29/2022.8.13
Many people are aware of the intelligence of chimpanzees and other mammals. However, birds also demonstrate intelligent behaviour
A
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答案：reviewing long-held beliefs
原文定位：For centuries, many scholars maintained that humans were the only intelligent organism on Earth. Many traits were considered to be exclusively human;However, exciting new research;has called into question the uniqueness of these traits, forcing us to reconsider this opinion
同义替换：「long-held beliefs」↔「considered to be exclusively human」，「reviewing」↔「forcing us to reconsider this opinion」
答案：several examples of birds who use tools
原文定位：At least three Australian bird species make tools similar to those of the woodpecker finch;white-winged choughs use rocks as hammers;black kites drop bait into lakes;drop smouldering stick to catch small animals
答案：the theory linking cognitive ability and living in a society
原文定位：Most tool-using behaviours are a means of extracting food;brain tissue is energetically expensive;only the smartest in each generation will live and reproduce
同义替换：「theory linking tool use capacity」↔「mental abilities needed for tool use evolved」，「survival」↔「live and reproduce」
答案：one species' multiple tool-using techniques
原文定位：New Caledonian crows boast many different tools in their tool kit. They use a hooked tool;fashion serrated rakes;make probes;Each tool is used in slightly different ways
同义替换：「one species」↔「New Caledonian crows」，「multiple tool-using techniques」↔「many different tools」
答案：the theory linking capacity for tool use in birds and survival
原文定位：compared the frequency and size of innovations with the size of the birds' forebrain;birds with relatively large forebrains are able to invent fresh solutions
同义替换：「physiological evidence」↔「forebrain size」，「birds' intelligence」↔「exploit discoveries」
答案：the theory linking capacity for tool use in birds and survival
原文定位：Intelligence in birds may also arise as a result of selection to overcome the dynamic challenges of communal living
同义替换：「cognitive ability」↔「intelligence」，「living in a society」↔「communal living」
答案：how some birds trick each other
原文定位：Perhaps the best example of deception among birds comes from the white-winged choughs;young choughs often act deceptively
同义替换：「trick each other」↔「act deceptively」，「some birds」↔「white-winged choughs」
答案：new caledonian crows
原文定位：The crows carry their favourite tool from one foraging site to the next. They also store their tools for later re-use in a secure place on their perch
同义替换：「keeping」↔「store」，「like」↔「favourite」
答案：black kites
原文定位：A kite may also pick up a smouldering stick;drop the stick on a patch of unburned grass. The bird then feasts on the small animals that flee from the subsequent fire
答案：white-winged choughs
原文定位：when white-winged choughs come across shellfish they have been known to use rocks as hammers to crack open the recalcitrant shells
同义替换：「tools」↔「hammers」，「remove the outer covering」↔「crack open the shells」，「food」↔「shellfish」
答案：black kites
原文定位：black kites have been reported dropping bait into lakes to bring fish to the surface of the water, thereby making them easier to catch
同义替换：「using food to attract their prey」↔「dropping bait」
答案：new caledonian crows
原文定位：Recently, New Caledonian crows were observed moulding a piece of wire, something they had never seen before, into a hook and then using it to retrieve food
同义替换：「using unfamiliar materials」↔「something they had never seen before」，「to make tools」↔「moulding a piece of wire into a hook」
答案：white-winged choughs
原文定位：It is more likely to preen the chicks if another bird can see it do so;will comically spring up and frantically start to preen the chicks as soon as some of its group members come into view. These young choughs are only motivated to help when others are watching
同义替换：「engaging in certain activities」↔「preen the chicks」，「for the benefit of observers」↔「when others are watching」