What lucy taught us

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题目与答案

1. 1 Donald Johanson was uncertain about the nature of the elbow bone he found in Afar.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Surveying the area, palaeoanthropologist Donald Johanson spotted a small piece of bone. Straight away, he recognised it as coming from the elbow of a human ancestor

   同义替换：「uncertain」↔「Straight away, he recognised」，「bone」↔「human ancestor」

2. • 10_____ that were located close to Lucy suggest these were also part of her diet.

   答案：eggs

   原文定位：Fossilised crocodile and turtle eggs were found near her skeleton, suggesting that Lucy died while foraging for them in a nearby lake

   同义替换：「located close to」↔「found near」，「part of her diet」↔「foraging for them」

3. • 11_____ that were found had marks on them, possibly made by tools used for eating.

   答案：bones

   原文定位：archaeologists uncovered animal bones with scratches that seem to have been made by stone tools

   同义替换：「found」↔「uncovered」，「marks」↔「scratches」

4. Comparisons with modern-day humans

   • modern-day humans have a longer 12_____ than Lucy did.

   答案：childhood

   原文定位：It also seems that Lucy's childhood was much briefer than ours and that she had to fend for herself from a young age

   同义替换：「longer」↔「much briefer」

5. • the 13_____ of modern-day humans appear to develop later than Lucy's did.

   答案：brains

   原文定位：a recent study of a 3-year-old early human suggested that their brains matured much earlier than ours do

   同义替换：「develop later」↔「matured much earlier」

6. 2 Several bones were found by Donald Johanson at the same site in Afar.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：As I looked up the slopes to my left, I saw bits of the skull, a chunk of jaw, a couple of vertebrae

   同义替换：「Several bones」↔「bits of the skull, a chunk of jaw, a couple of vertebrae」

7. 3 The experts realised the importance of the discovery at Afar.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：It was immediately obvious that the skeleton was a significant find, because the sediments at the site were known to be 3.5 million years old

8. 4 It was the upper part of the skeleton that had suffered the least damage.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Later it became apparent that it was also the most complete;40% of the skeleton had been preserved

9. 5 The skeleton's measurements helped Johanson's team to decide if it was male or female.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：as the feeling was that the skeleton was female due to its size, someone suggested calling it Lucy

   同义替换：「measurements」↔「size」，「decide if it was male or female」↔「was that the skeleton was female」

10. Lucy

    Physical features

    • jaws and skull like those of an ape

    • braincase similar in size to that of a chimp

    • long arms

    Movement

    • the positioning and shape of her pelvis made it clear that she walked like a human

    • upright movement possibly started among the 6_____ of trees

    答案：branches

    原文定位：It may be that upright walking evolved in the trees, as a way to walk along branches that would otherwise be too flexible

    同义替换：「movement」↔「walking」，「possibly started」↔「evolved」，「trees」↔「branches」

11. • probably moved to the 7_____ in search of food

    答案：ground

    原文定位：But hunting for food may have been the real reason for heading to the ground

    同义替换：「probably」↔「may have been the real reason」，「moved to」↔「heading to」，「in search of」↔「hunting for」

12. Diet and eating habits

    • analysis of food in the 8_____ of the skeletons of early humans shows changes in their diet

    答案：teeth

    原文定位：Studies of the remains of food trapped on preserved human teeth indicate that several species, including Lucy's, were expanding their diet around 3.5 million years ago

    同义替换：「analysis」↔「Studies」，「trapped on」↔「in the」，「changes in」↔「expanding」

13. • it is likely that meat and grasses were substituted for 9_____ .

    答案：fruit

    原文定位：Instead of mostly eating fruit from trees, they began to include grasses and possibly meat

    同义替换：「substituted for」↔「Instead of」