The Animal Connection

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题目与答案

1. 27 Travellers are more likely to notice wild animals than domesticated ones.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Travel anywhere and you see something so common it may not even catch your attention. Wherever there are people, animals are being walked, herded and fed

   同义替换：「notice」↔「catch your attention」

2. 28 All cultures demonstrate a need to have close contact with animals.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：Close contact with animals is not confined to one particular culture, region or ethnic group but is a universal human trait

   同义替换：「close contact with」↔「have close contact with」，「demonstrate a need」↔「universal human trait」

3. 29 Animals benefit from allowing other animal species to share food resources.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Since the ultimate prize in evolution is perpetuating your genes, providing food for another species is counterproductive to success

4. 30 It is unlikely that people initially domesticated wolves for future companionship.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：Even if pets offer friendship, that cannot explain why our bond with other species arose in the first place. Who would bring a ferocious wolf into their home in the hope that thousands of years later it would become a loving pet

5. 31 There are periods of human evolution for which we have little information about man's relationship with animals.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：What I found was a long and unbroken evolutionary trail of evidence I call the 'animal connection

6. Around 2.6 million years ago, humans became predators after they realized the possibility of object 32_____.
   • modification
   • competition
   • territory
   • nutrition
   • observation
   • communication

   答案：modification

   原文定位：This development required the intellectual breakthrough of realizing that the properties of an object can be altered

   同义替换：「modification」↔「altered」

7. Once humans were hunters, they benefited from better 33_____ and extra time which could be spent on non-physical activities.
   • modification
   • competition
   • territory
   • nutrition
   • observation
   • communication

   答案：nutrition

   原文定位：On the plus side, eating more meat and fat was a requirement for the increase in relative brain size. And since meat tends to come in bigger packages than leaves and roots, meat eaters could spend less time finding food and more on activities like learning and social interaction

   同义替换：「extra time which could be spent on non-physical activities」↔「spend less time finding food and more on activities like learning」

8. However, the more humans came to depend on meat as a food source, the more 34_____ there was between them and other predators. Humans needed to find an advantage over animals such as lions and hyenas.
   • modification
   • competition
   • territory
   • nutrition
   • observation
   • communication

   答案：competition

   原文定位：On the minus side, preying on animals put our ancestors into direct competition with the other predators that shared their ecosystem, animals such as lions and hyenas

   同义替换：「other predators」↔「lions and hyenas」

9. It wasn't a spear or knife that gave them this advantage, but the 35_____ skills that humans began to develop.
   • modification
   • competition
   • territory
   • nutrition
   • observation
   • communication

   答案：observation

   原文定位：What made it possible for our ancestors to compete successfully with true carnivores was the ability to pay very close attention to the habits of both potential prey and competitors

   同义替换：「observation」↔「pay very close attention to」

10. Then, because humans were such successful predators, they required more 36_____ and this led to groups of people moving away from Africa.
    • modification
    • competition
    • territory
    • nutrition
    • observation
    • communication

    答案：territory

    原文定位：Early man lived in Africa and nowhere else, but then underwent a dramatic expansion in territory, forced by the search for new hunting grounds

11. 37 What is the writer's main argument in the sixth paragraph?
    • Prehistoric art allows us to date human migration patterns.
    • Early man valued the communication of knowledge about animal behaviour and appearance.
    • There is evidence of big lifestyle differences between early humans in different regions.
    • There was little spoken interaction between different groups of people.

    答案：Early man valued the communication of knowledge about animal behaviour and appearance.

    原文定位：Throughout the period of these enormous changes in the lifestyle of our ancestors, gathering, sharing and recording knowledge became increasingly advantageous, and examples of prehistoric art that appear in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia allow us to eavesdrop on their conversations. Through the art, we realize the main topic was animals: their colours, shapes, postures and habits

    同义替换：「valued the communication of knowledge」↔「gathering, sharing and recording knowledge became increasingly advantageous」，「behaviour and appearance」↔「colours, shapes, postures and habits」

12. 38 What is the writer doing in the seventh paragraph?
    • rejecting an established theory about human evolution.
    • emphasizing the value of art in language development.
    • expressing doubt about the initial purpose of communication.
    • making a claim about the way that language developed.

    答案：making a claim about the way that language developed.

    原文定位：I believe I am the first to propose a continuity between the strong human-animal link that appeared 2.6 million years ago and the origin of language

    同义替换：「making a claim」↔「propose」

13. 39 The writer refers to Vervet monkeys in order to
    • indicate which animal species have a kind of basic language.
    • show how danger is a significant motivation for human communication.
    • highlight the sophistication of human communication.
    • suggest a possible influence on the way early humans interacted.

    答案：highlight the sophistication of human communication.

    原文定位：Vervet monkeys, for example, have different cries for eagles and snakes, but they cannot discuss what threats might appear tomorrow. The property of full language is that it is composed of vocabulary and grammatical rules that can be combined in an infinite number of ways to convey fine shades of meaning

14. 40 The writer says that the 'walking larder' idea
    • fails to explain the purpose of domestication.
    • is true only for domesticated animals.
    • supports the idea the writer proposes.
    • is based on research the writer has carried out.

    答案：fails to explain the purpose of domestication.

    原文定位：Domestic animals are usually considered as 'walking larders', or easy food sources, reflecting the idea that the basis of this change was a drive for greater food security. Looking at the origins of domestication for clues to its underlying reasons, I found fundamental flaws in this idea

    同义替换：「fails to explain the purpose of domestication」↔「found fundamental flaws in this idea」