雅思阅读真题（Part 3）
Part 3 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2023.12.3
A
We run risks. Most of the time we ignore them; sometimes we stop and decide how to deal with them. That's life. Risk arise in sports, in personal relationships; they are present in the laboratory, in political calculations, everywhere. Acting individually, we often prefer to gain some benefit by accepting some danger. Acting collectively, we make similar trade-offs.
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答案：achieving a gain
原文定位：the risks of losing something and gaining something appear to be calculated in our minds according to quite different scales. People will risk a lot to prevent a loss;But they will usually risk very little if the only perceived outcome is a possible gain
答案：changes occurring externally
原文定位：Such a period of change in the outside world is filled with danger, Grove notes, precisely because it is so easy for executives to try to disregard it or misinterpret the mounting evidence showing the profound risks of not making change at the very core
答案：recent findings on the most effective solutions to problems
原文定位：Reid J. Lifset's article, 'Full Accounting', describes newly developed techniques for clarifying which critical decision would have the highest pay-offs for the environment. Once these 'leverage points' as he calls them, are located, many environmental organizations will be willing to risk the resources needed to prevent further deterioration
答案：planning for the future
原文定位：Some governmental leaders are oblivious to the risks posed by social under-investment, because the urgent needs of the present take precedence over actions that would give rise to even more substantial gains in the future;Better consideration and decision making for what lies ahead is essential
答案：B
原文定位：When society must assess risks, and those risks can be clarified, at least in part, by science, technology or mathematics
答案：F
原文定位：Reid J. Lifset's article, 'Full Accounting', describes newly developed techniques for clarifying which critical decision would have the highest pay-offs for the environment. Once these 'leverage points' as he calls them, are located, many environmental organizations will be willing to risk the resources needed to prevent further deterioration
答案：C
原文定位：Hearing the prediction of 60% chance of rain, or recognizing the minuscule likelihood of becoming ill from a flu shot, most people understand the right responses: take your umbrella and get your flu shot
答案：A
原文定位：Risk arise in sports, in personal relationships; they are present in the laboratory, in political calculations, everywhere
答案：B
原文定位：Even when the evidence of high risk is clear about smoking, for instance many will deny the risk, or dispute it, or accept that it exists and still go ahead
答案：E
原文定位：The business environment for Intel and its competitors was transformed by a flood of low-cost memory chips from Japan, and Intel made the difficult decision to abandon its chip-making business
答案：H
原文定位：Nevertheless, I confess to being an optimist. My glass is generally half full though that may not help me handle risk
答案：D
原文定位：Many people won't even risk pursuing an exciting job, if the current job, though unfulfilling, remains comfortable. That psychological mechanism, a desire to maintain the status quo, may explain the high hurdles that any rational risk assessment must confront
答案：C
原文定位：But some, fearfully but irrationally, go to the extreme and stay at home and avoid all contact with other people
答案：B experts should be truthful about risk to the public
原文定位：Whether one's temperament is optimistic or pessimistic, everyone in our scientific and engineering community has a social responsibility: measure with care and portray with honesty the level of risk involved in any action or decision