The history of the British wool industry

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题目与答案

1. 1 The process of making cloth from wool was introduced to Britain by the Román.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：It was made into cloth there in the Bronze Age, which began about 1900 BC. By the time the Romans invaded in 55 BC the Britons had developed an appreciation for the fineness of British woolen cloth

2. ·1812:10 protests resulted in the _____ of machinery

   答案：destruction

   原文定位：The widespread unrest of 1812 led to the destruction of equipment by bands of rioters, who feared they would lose employment

3. ·11 19th century:in Yorkshire mechanization increased, aided by the availability of cheap _____

   答案：coal

   原文定位：They were overtaken by Yorkshire, where machinery was more readily accepted. The younger industry jumped ahead and never lost its lead, supported by abundant supplies of inexpensive coal to generate steam and, later, electrical power

4. Growth of specialization:

   ·Scotland - 12 specialized in _____

   答案：tweeds

   原文定位：Other specialized types of manufacturing developed in Scotland, famed for its tweeds ( a range of coloured woolen cloth with characteristic designs

5. 2 In the twelfth century, exporting woolen cloth was less profitable than exporting raw wool.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：By the twelfth century, wool was becoming England’s greatest national asset. Cloth making was widespread;But the greatest wealth came from exports of raw wool

6. 3 Rulers had a financial interest in the success of the wool industry.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Kings and their ministers welcomed the revenue that resulted from exports and export taxes-and also the power it gave to the king, who could grant or withdraw permits for the wool towns and for the industry

7. 4 An outbreak of bubonic plague led to a sharp fall in sheep numbers.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：by bubonic plague (the Black Death), which in 1349 caused devastation: in many villages as much as three-quarters of the population died. This led to an increase of the sheep flocks, for there were not enough people left to cultivate the land for arable crops

8. 5 Worsted cloth was cheaper to produce than other types of woolen fabric.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Instead, East Anglia used the long, fine wool from its native sheep breeds to produce a cloth which did not require the fulling process. This was the type of cloth which is now called ‘worsted;For four hundred years East Anglia dominated the worsted trade, with skills inherited from the Flemish settlers of 1331

9. Woolen Cloth Manufacture

   Growing importance of the cloth industry:

   ·6 16th century:skilled _____ emigrated to England

   答案：weavers

   原文定位：In the sixteenth century, French weavers, persecuted for their Protestant religion, sought refuge in England and took their skills with them

10. ·7 end 17th century:majority of English _____ were wool products

    答案：exports

    原文定位：by the end of the seventeenth century it comprised two-thirds of the value of its exports

11. ·8 18th century:production of worsted cloth increased in Yorkshire - growth of five key manufacturing _____

    答案：towns

    原文定位：By 1770, output of worsted from Yorkshire equalled that of East Anglia, and its cloth manufacturing district began to take shape with the expansion of major towns: Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield and Wakefield

12. ·1750-1850:9 new machinery was developed - initially for the production of _____

    答案：cotton

    原文定位：It led the way for new inventions stemming from the Lancashire cotton industry, to mechanize and speed dramatically the processes of spinning and weaving