Introduction to a Book about the Assessment of Carbon Footprints

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题目与答案

1. reference to an award-winning formula
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：E

   原文定位：Input-output analysis’ key ‘trick’ is a piece of ingenious maths (for which a man called Wassily Leontief got a Nobel Prize) that succeeds in capturing the endless ripple effects in a way that is one hundred per cent complete

   同义替换：「formula」↔「maths」

2. an acknowledgement of the general shortcomings of carbon footprint calculations
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：Measuring carbon footprints is a long way from being an exact process, whatever anyone claims;All my numbers are best estimates and nothing more

   同义替换：「general shortcomings」↔「best estimates」，「calculations」↔「measuring」

3. mention of a working partnership
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：The specific model I have used is one that was developed at Small World Consulting in collaboration with Lancaster University in the UK

   同义替换：「working partnership」↔「in collaboration with」

4. reference to the demanding nature of one way of calculating carbon footprints
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：It may sound simple, but it is not at all. It is back-breaking work, and since the number of processes you really need to include is always infinite, the job is never quite complete

   同义替换：「demanding nature」↔「back-breaking work」

5. the advantage of combining two different methods
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：Putting the two methods together is sometimes called a hybrid approach, and the result is a bit like looking through both a microscope and a telescope at the same time. They each show you different things, and between them;you end up with a passable understanding of whatever it is you are looking at

   同义替换：「combining」↔「putting the two methods together」，「advantage」↔「end up with a passable understanding」

6. a comparison between goods from home and abroad
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：A key weakness;is that it treats imported products as though they had the same carbon intensity as products from within the UK, whereas in reality they are usually more carbon-intensive

   同义替换：「goods from home and abroad」↔「imported products」

7. 20-21 The list below describes some of the possible features of process-based life-cycle analysis. Which TWO of these features are mentioned by the writer of the passage?
   • It is more complicated than it sounds.
   • It usually produces exaggerated results.
   • It is a frequently used procedure.
   • Its faults are widely recognised.
   • It was first developed in the UK.

   答案：It is more complicated than it sounds.,It is a frequently used procedure.

   原文定位：It may sound simple, but it is not at all;The first of these, process-based life-cycle analysis, is the most common approach to carbon footprint calculations

   同义替换：「more complicated than it sounds」↔「simple, but it is not at all」，「frequently used procedure」↔「most common approach」

8. 22-23 The list below describes some of the possible features of environmental input-output analysis. Which TWO of these features are mentioned by the writer of the passage?
   • It is often the basis of national guidelines.
   • Its starting point is the manufacturing process.
   • It is comprehensive in scope.
   • It is a relatively new method of calculation.
   • It can use prices to get approximate carbon footprints.

   答案：It is comprehensive in scope.,It can use prices to get approximate carbon footprints.

   原文定位：capturing the endless ripple effects in a way that is one hundred per cent complete;if you know how much something costs, you can get an instant crude estimate of its carbon footprint

   同义替换：「comprehensive in scope」↔「one hundred per cent complete」，「use prices」↔「know how much something costs」，「approximate」↔「crude estimate of」

9. Small World Consulting

   Small World Consulting has collaborated with a UK University to develop a version of the environmental input-output model of analysis, using data provided by the 24_____ about the UK economy in 2007.

   答案：government

   原文定位：The specific model I have used;draws mainly on data obtained from government sources

   同义替换：「provided」↔「obtained」

10. This model is able to take into account the altitude at which greenhouse gases are produced. A significant 25_____ is that it does not distinguish between 26_____ of different origin, but the writer occasionally makes allowances for that.

    答案：weakness|||products

    原文定位：it treats imported products as though they had the same carbon intensity as products from within the UK;A key weakness, which I sometimes adjust for, is that

    同义替换：「significant」↔「key」，「products of different origin」↔「imported products」