Developmental Tasks of Normal Adolescence

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题目与答案

1. Becoming interested in people of the other gender.
   • early adolescence
   • middle adolescence
   • late adolescence

   答案：early adolescence

   原文定位：The effect of this rapid change is that mid-adolescents are body-conscious, and their concerns are directed towards their opposite-sexed peers

   同义替换：「other gender」↔「opposite-sexed」，「interested in」↔「concerns are directed towards」

2. Adolescence is a time when the young person
   • reflects an adolescent's emerging self-perception.
   • cannot solve a problem without an example.
   • is designed to become more challenging.
   • formulates a personal set of moral beliefs and values.
   • varies according to the individual.

   答案：formulates a personal set of moral beliefs and values.

   原文定位：During adolescence, as teens develop increasingly complex knowledge systems, they also adopt an integrated set of values and morals;the adolescent restructures those beliefs into a personal ideology

   同义替换：「formulates」↔「adopt」，「beliefs」↔「values」，「young person」↔「teens」

3. 11 Most pre-adolescent children are capable of abstract thought.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Before adolescence, children's thinking is dominated by a concrete example for any problem that they solve; their thinking is constrained to what is real and physical. During adolescence, young people begin to recognise and understand abstractions

   同义替换：「pre-adolescent children」↔「before adolescence」，「capable of abstract thought」↔「recognise and understand abstractions」

4. 12 Adolescents ‘limited skills with words may give a false impression of their ability.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：As their conceptual development may outstrip their verbal development, adolescents may appear less competent than they really are

   同义替换：「skills with words」↔「verbal development」，「false impression of their ability」↔「appear less competent than they really are」，「give a false impression」↔「appear less competent」

5. 13 Whether or not an adolescent is accepted by their age-group is an important clue to other aspects of their social adjustment.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：This degree to which an adolescent is able to make friends and have an accepting peer group, though, is a major indicator of how well the adolescent will adjust in other areas of social and psychological development

   同义替换：「accepted by their age-group」↔「have an accepting peer group」，「important clue」↔「major indicator」

6. Beginning to choose a future career.
   • early adolescence
   • middle adolescence
   • late adolescence

   答案：middle adolescence

   原文定位：Mid-adolescents must identify, at least at a preliminary level, what their adult vocational goals are and how they intend to achieve them

   同义替换：「beginning to」↔「preliminary level」，「future career」↔「vocational goals」

7. Needing to feel the same as one's friends.
   • early adolescence
   • middle adolescence
   • late adolescence

   答案：early adolescence

   原文定位：Early adolescence is also a period of intense conformity to peers.” Fitting in' not being different, and being accepted seem somehow pressing to this age group

   同义替换：「need to feel the same」↔「conformity」，「friends」↔「peers」

8. Beginning to form a self-image separate from the family context.
   • early adolescence
   • middle adolescence
   • late adolescence

   答案：early adolescence

   原文定位：During the early adolescent years a young person begins to recognize their uniqueness and to establish themselves as separate individuals, independent of their parents

   同义替换：「self-image separate from the family」↔「recognize their uniqueness」

9. Having less need for the good opinion of friends.
   • early adolescence
   • middle adolescence
   • late adolescence

   答案：late adolescence

   原文定位：Certainly by late adolescence or early adulthood the need for peer approval has diminished

   同义替换：「good opinion of friends」↔「peer approval」，「less need」↔「diminished」

10. Exposing oneself to dangers.
    • early adolescence
    • middle adolescence
    • late adolescence

    答案：middle adolescence

    原文定位：Risky behaviours are sufficiently pervasive among adolescents to suggest that risk-taking may be a normal developmental process of middle adolescence

    同义替换：「dangers」↔「risk」

11. Havighurst proposed a set of tasks which
    • reflects an adolescent's emerging self-perception.
    • cannot solve a problem without an example.
    • is designed to become more challenging.
    • formulates a personal set of moral beliefs and values.
    • varies according to the individual.

    答案：reflects an adolescent's emerging self-perception.

    原文定位：He identified ten developmental tasks associated with the adolescent transition. Each of the Havighurst tasks can also be seen as elements of the overall sense of self that adolescents carry with them as they move towards and into young adulthood

    同义替换：「reflects an adolescent's emerging self-perception」↔「elements of the overall sense of self」

12. A course of study at high school
    • reflects an adolescent's emerging self-perception.
    • cannot solve a problem without an example.
    • is designed to become more challenging.
    • formulates a personal set of moral beliefs and values.
    • varies according to the individual.

    答案：is designed to become more challenging.

    原文定位：School curricula are frequently dominated by the inclusion of more abstract, demanding material

    同义替换：「course of study at high school」↔「school curricula」，「challenging」↔「abstract, demanding material」

13. The speed of development of thinking ability during adolescence
    • reflects an adolescent's emerging self-perception.
    • cannot solve a problem without an example.
    • is designed to become more challenging.
    • formulates a personal set of moral beliefs and values.
    • varies according to the individual.

    答案：varies according to the individual.

    原文定位：Since not all adolescents make the intellectual transition at the same rate, demands for abstract thinking prior to the achievement of that ability may be frustrating

    同义替换：「speed」↔「transition」，「thinking ability」↔「intellectual」，「varies」↔「not the same rate」