Lean production innovation-in manufacturing systems

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. 14 Paragraph A
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：the historical context

   原文定位：After the First World War, car makers Henry Ford;approximately a hundred years after Japan opened up to the modern world, Eli Toyoda and Taishu Group expanded the concept of lean production at the Toyota car company

2. 15 Paragraph B
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：the pros and cons of different production systems

   原文定位：Perhaps the best way to describe lean production is to compare it with the two other major manufacturing systems: craft production and mass production

   同义替换：「different production systems」↔「craft production and mass production」

3. 16 Paragraph C
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：the fundamental objectives of two systems

   原文定位：Perhaps the most striking difference between mass and lean production lies in their ultimate objectives

   同义替换：「two systems」↔「mass and lean production lies」，「fundamental」↔「ultimate」

4. 17 Paragraph D
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：procedures for controlling supply

   原文定位：If a worker on the assembly line discovers a problem, they are authorised to stop the whole line until it is fixed;This system ensures that defects are identified and corrected immediately

   同义替换：「controlling quality」↔「prevent faulty items」

5. 18 Paragraph E
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：the origin of the term

   原文定位：This is known as 'autonomation' – automated processes that can be stopped by human intervention

6. 19 Paragraph F
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：global resistance to lean manufacturing

   原文定位：Implementing lean production is not without its challenges. It requires a complete cultural shift within an organisation;The transition from a traditional mass production system can be difficult and disruptive

   同义替换：「resistance」↔「difficult」

7. 20 Paragraph G
   • global resistance to lean manufacturing
   • the historical context
   • procedures for controlling quality
   • the pros and cons of different production systems
   • working conditions
   • procedures for controlling supply

   答案：interdependent strategies for controlling expenditure

   原文定位：By eliminating waste in all its forms—overproduction, waiting, transport, excess inventory, unnecessary motion, defects, and underutilised talent—lean production creates a manufacturing system that is more responsive, efficient

   同义替换：「controlling expenditure」↔「cut waste」

8. A small number of unusual cars are still produced by the 21_____ method.

   答案：craft production

   原文定位：A present day example of this method is the customised production of the exotic green cars

   同义替换：「unusual cars」↔「exotic green cars」，「method」↔「customised production」

9. Lean production requires staff who are 22_____ .

   答案：multi-skilled

   原文定位：Workers must be multi-skilled and proactive

   同义替换：「staff」↔「workers」

10. Lean production employs fewer people, and uses less 23_____ , equipment and time.

    答案：manufacturing space

    原文定位：half the human effort in the factory, half the manufacturing space, half the investment in tools, half the engineering hours

    同义替换：「fewer people」↔「half the human effort」，「equipment」↔「tools」，「time」↔「engineering hours」

11. Storage facilities are not needed if a procedure known as 24_____ is implemented in the lean production method.

    答案：just in time

    原文定位：The first is 'just in time', meaning that parts are delivered to the assembly line just as they are needed

12. Automation is a procedure for spotting any 25_____ in the products on a production line.

    答案：abnormality

    原文定位：If a machine detects an abnormality or a worker spots a defect, the line can be halted instantly

    同义替换：「spotting」↔「detects」

13. At Toyota factories, 26_____ are suspended above manual production lines in order to show where production has to be halted.

    答案：andon cord

    原文定位：This is done by means of a cord suspended above the line, known as an 'andon cord

    同义替换：「hang」↔「suspended」