Fungi a new sustainable alternative

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题目与答案

1. 1 Fungi are a member of the plant kingdom.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Neither plant nor animal, they have their own kingdom, and play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter

2. - developed an alternative to a dangerous 10_____

   答案：adhesive

   原文定位：Bayer began working with mycelium in order to find a replacement for thee harmful adhesive used in building manufacturing

   同义替换：「alternative to」↔「replacement for」，「dangerous」↔「harmful」

3. - introduced mycelium to designers and artists

   - created 11_____ for home use

   答案：kits

   原文定位：even going so far as to market grow-it-yourself kits that consumers can use at home

   同义替换：「created」↔「market」，「for home use」↔「that consumers can use at home」

4. ·an issue: changes in 12_____ and humidity can shorten the lifespan of mycelium-based products

   答案：temperature

   原文定位：unless the conditions for such degradation to occur are created,' such as a shift in humidity or an increase or decrease in temperature

   同义替换：「changes in」↔「a shift in」

5. ·a possible solution: using a 13_____ on mycelium-based products

   ·goal: to make all construction materials from mycelium.

   答案：coating

   原文定位：To make mycelium more resistant to these shifts, Montalti and Wosten are trying to find a coating that can be applied to objects near the end of production

   同义替换：「possible solution」↔「trying to find」，「using」↔「applied」，「products」↔「objects」

6. 2 Mushrooms are the most dangerous of all fungi.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：There is a widespread perception that fungi, such as mildews, yeasts and mushrooms, are dangerous but some scientists and innovators are trying to change this perception by using fungi to create everyday objects

7. 3 One benefit of fungi is that they are easy to find.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Not only are fungi readily available in nature but they're also sustainable and have the potential to replace less environmentally friendly materials, such as plastic

   同义替换：「easy to find」↔「readily available in nature」

8. 4 Montalti and Wosten exhibited objects made of fungi to sell to visitors.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：With a goal of sharing their work with the public, they decided to stage an exhibition that included an array of everyday objects created from fungi;their hope was that people would walk away with a better understanding of fungi's potential as a sustainable material

   同义替换：「exhibited objects made of fungi」↔「stage an exhibition that included an array of everyday objects created from fungi」，「to sell to visitors」↔「goal of sharing their work」

9. 5 The visiting public had a chance to find out about the useful qualities of fungi.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：By allowing visitors to interact with each piece by picking it up and discovering that it was both firm and light, their hope was that people would walk away with a better understanding of fungi's potential as a sustainable material

   同义替换：「visiting public」↔「people」，「useful qualities of fungi」↔「firm and light」

10. Using mycelium to create materials

    ·mycelium: a collection of thin, plant-like 6_____ in fungi

    答案：fibers

    原文定位：The vegetative part of fungi is called mycelium, and it consists of multiple long, thread-like fibers

    同义替换：「a collection of」↔「consists of multiple」

11. ·mycelium benefits the ecosystem by:

    - decomposing organic and 7_____ materials

    - filtering water

    答案：toxic

    原文定位：An important part of the ecosystem, mycelium breaks down organic matter along with toxic substances, such as pesticides, and also filters water

    同义替换：「decomposing」↔「breaks down」，「materials」↔「substances」

12. ·the process:

    - fungi decompose agricultural waste, producing mycelium about as strong as 8_____

    - mycelium is placed in a mould to give it a shape

    - the material is later placed in an oven to prevent further growth

    答案：plastic

    原文定位：In a laboratory process, Montalti and Wosten let fungi degrade farm waste such as straw. This results in mycelium that is similar in strength to plastic

    同义替换：「agricultural」↔「farm」，「producing」↔「results in」，「about as strong as」↔「similar in strength to」

13. ·the company Ecovative:

    - used mycelium to make 9_____ as well as products for construction

    答案：packaging

    原文定位：Ecovative, a company in Albany, New York that develops and produces sustainable packaging and building materials using mycelium

    同义替换：「construction products」↔「building materials」，「as well as」↔「and」