Science and filmmaking

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题目与答案

1. The Oscar awarded in 2004 was the first one ever given for an achievement in CGI.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：In 2004 a notable event took place: the academic world met the cinematographic world when researchers from Stanford University in the USA were awarded an Oscar. These researchers, led by Steve Marschner, were from the field of Computer Graphics at Stanford

   同义替换：「Oscar awarded」↔「were awarded an Oscar」，「the first one ever given」↔「」

2. 28 CGI is most effective for altering an actor's appearance in wide shots rather than close-ups.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Films have demonstrated that CGI can be used to alter an actor's appearance - making them seem younger, older, more fragile, or more powerful - while still looking surprisingly real. However, this effect only works well if the modified actors are not shown in extreme close-up shots

   同义替换：「close‑ups」↔「close‑up shots」，「altering an actor's appearance」↔「used to alter an actor's appearance」

3. 29 Marschner's team was the first group to identify that human skin is translucent.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：They identified that one of the key problems in making believable computer- generated characters is that CGI often treats skin as opaque and flat (two-dimensional), whereas real skin is translucent and has depth (three-dimensional)

   同义替换：「the first group to identify」↔「」

4. 30 The mathematical principles behind subsurface scattering were originally developed for filmmaking.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：This process, known as subsurface scattering, is based on mathematical concepts that date back decades to their use in astrophysics

   同义替换：「principles」↔「concepts」，「originally developed for filmmaking」↔「date back decades to their use in astrophysics」

5. 31 All major visual effects companies started using the new subsurface scattering technique before the research was officially published.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The breakthrough was so important for giving life to digital characters that, within two years of their research being published, every major visual effects company had adopted it in their rendering software

   同义替换：「major visual effects companies」↔「every major visual effects company had adopted it」，「before the research was officially published」↔「within two years of their research being published」

6. After winning the Oscar, the researchers wanted to improve how light 32_____ is shown.

   答案：reflection

   原文定位：Even after receiving their award, the researchers remained determined to perfect their work, believing that the fine details of light reflection still were not reproduced convincingly

   同义替换：「After winning the Oscar」↔「after receiving their award」，「improve」↔「perfect」，「shown」↔「the fine details of」

7. They studied how the physical composition of skin and cloth affects this. To do this, they employed 33_____, a method from medical science.

   答案：computerized tomography

   原文定位：To investigate this, Marschner's team used computerized tomography, a medical imaging technique most familiar for viewing internal organs

   同义替换：「employed」↔「used」，「method from medical science」↔「medical imaging technique」

8. This technique uses 34_____ to create composite images from various angles, revealing minute details.

   答案：radiation

   原文定位：Like traditional X-rays, it uses radiation, but instead of producing a single photographic exposure, it combines images taken from multiple angles in a computer

   同义替换：「This technique」↔「computerized tomography」，「composite images from various angles」↔「combines images taken from multiple angles」

9. The data from this process was used to create a detailed 35_____ of material structures.

   答案：map

   原文定位：This advanced imaging provided a highly detailed, three-dimensional map of the microstructure of various materials

   同义替换：「material structures」↔「microstructure of various materials」，「create」↔「provided」

10. The team then created 36_____ to simulate the interaction of light with these tiny structures.

    答案：algorithms

    原文定位：By analyzing these maps, the researchers could develop new algorithms that accurately simulate how light interacts with the complex geometry of skin pores and fabric weaves

    同义替换：「created」↔「develop new」，「simulate」↔「accurately」，「tiny structures」↔「complex geometry of skin pores and fabric weaves」

11. 37 What did early CGI systems incorrectly assume about human skin?

    _____

    答案：fully opaque

    原文定位：Earlier CGI systems that assumed skin was fully opaque resulted in characters looking artificial and plastic-like

    同义替换：「early CGI systems」↔「Earlier CGI systems」，「human skin」↔「skin」，「incorrectly assume」↔「」

12. 38 What scientific field provided the original mathematical concepts for simulating skin translucency?

    _____

    答案：astrophysics

    原文定位：This process, known as subsurface scattering, is based on mathematical concepts that date back decades to their use in astrophysics

    同义替换：「original mathematical concepts」↔「mathematical concepts that date back decades」，「simulating skin translucency」↔「subsurface scattering」

13. 39 What specific visual problem did the researchers address after winning the Oscar to achieve realism in close-ups?

    _____

    答案：light reflection

    原文定位：Even after receiving their award, the researchers remained determined to perfect their work, believing that the fine details of light reflection still were not reproduced convincingly

    同义替换：「winning the Oscar」↔「receiving their award」，「visual problem」↔「details not reproduced convincingly」，「achieve realism in close-ups」↔「perfect their work」

14. 40 Which two types of reflection did the researchers' later work focus on replicating?

    _____

    答案：specular and diffuse reflection

    原文定位：Their subsequent work focused on replicating the phenomenon of specular reflection, where light glints off individual fibers or skin oils, and diffuse reflection, where light is scattered evenly from a rough surface

    同义替换：「later」↔「subsequent」，「reflection」↔「reflection」