雅思阅读真题（Part 3）
Part 3 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2024.7.27/2023.1.28/2019.12.12
答案：potential threat to minority language
原文定位：Michael Krauss;prediction that half the 6,000 or so languages;would cease to be uttered within a century;nine tenths of the linguistic diversity;would probably be doomed to extinction
同义替换：「Potential threat」↔「cease to be uttered」，「minority language」↔「linguistic diversity」
答案：value of minority language to linguists
原文定位：Many experts in the field mourn the loss of rare languages;for several reasons;To start;there is scientific self;interest;some of the most basic questions in linguistics have to do with the limits of human speech;
同义替换：「minority」↔「rare」，「linguists」↔「experts in the field」
答案：positive gains for protection
原文定位：But there are encouraging signs that the field has turned a corner;The Volkswagen Foundation,a German charity,just issued its second round of grants totaling more than $2 million;But at least we prolong the survival of the language
同义替换：「positive」↔「encouraging」，「protection」↔「revitalize」
答案：data consistency needed for language
原文定位：For the vast majority of these languages, there is little or no record of their grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation or use in daily life. Even if a language has been fully documented, all that remains once it vanishes from active use is a fossil skeleton
同义替换：「data consistency」↔「fully documented」，「needed for language」↔「grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation or use in daily life」
答案：native language program launched
原文定位：Twenty years ago in New Zealand, Maori speakers set up “language nests;A similar approach was tried in Hawaii;Students can now get instruction in Hawaiian all the way through university
同义替换：「native language program」↔「instruction in Hawaiian」，「launched」↔「set up」
答案：subjective doubts as a negative factor
原文定位：One factor that always seems to occur in the demise of a language is that the speakers begin to have collective doubts about the usefulness of language loyalty
同义替换：「Subjective」↔「collective」，「negative factor」↔「demise of a language」
答案：consensus on an initiative recommendation for saving dying out languages
原文定位：Linguists agree that ultimately, the answer to the problem of language extinction is multilingualism;The first step in saving dying languages is to persuade the world’s majorities to allow the minorities among them to speak with their own voices
同义替换：「consensus」↔「agree」，「initiative recommendation」↔「first step」，「dying out」↔「extinction」
答案：Joseph E. Grimes
原文定位：A similar approach was tried in Hawaii, with some success-the number of native speakers has stabilized at 1,000 or so,reports Joseph E. Grimes of SIL International, who is working on Oahu
同义替换：「conservation practice」↔「similar approach」
答案：Michael Krauss
原文定位：Ten years ago Michael Krauss sent a shudder through the discipline of linguistics with his prediction that half the 6,000 or so languages spoken in the world would cease to be uttered within a century
同义替换：「many」↔「half」，「would disappear soon」↔「cease to be uttered」
答案：Keneth L. Hale
原文定位：Keneth L. Hale of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology noted in the same journal issue that eight languages on which he had done fieldwork had since passed into extinction
同义替换：「Experienced」↔「had done fieldwork」，「die out」↔「passed into extinction」
答案：Nicholas Ostler
原文定位：A similar foundation in England, directed by Nicholas Ostler, has raised just $8,000 since 1995
答案：Sarah G. Thomason
原文定位：You would think that there would be some organized response to this dire situation;But there isn’tany such effort organized in the profession.It is only recently that it has become fashionable enough to work on endangered languages.”Six years ago, recalls Douglas H. Whalen of Yale University
同义替换：「Not enough effort」↔「no organized response」，「until recent work」↔「fashionable enough to work on endangered languages」
答案：Preserve endanger red language
原文定位：Its contributions helped to reinvigorate a master-apprentice program;But at least we prolong the survival of the language;That will give linguists more time to record these tongues before they vanish
同义替换：「preserve」↔「record」，「endangered」↔「dying」
答案：They should be more tolerant to minority language speaker.
原文定位：The first step in saving dying languages is to persuade the world’s majorities to allow the minorities among them to speak with their own voices
同义替换：「be more tolerant」↔「allow」，「minority language speaker」↔「speak with their own voices」