Photic Sneezing

题目与答案

1. Background

   Some people react to sunlight by:

   ·a prickle in the nose

   ·faster 31_____ relieved by a sneeze

   答案：breathing

   原文定位：The reaction of some people is immediate;an unpleasant prickling in the nose, an increase in their breathing rate, and an uncontrollable watering of the eyes

   同义替换：「faster」↔「increase in rate」

2. ·watery eyes

   This “photic” sneeze cannot be controlled and is a 32_____ reflex.

   答案：common

   原文定位：This so-called photic or light sneeze is a reflex, which means it can't be controlled, and it's very common

   同义替换：「cannot be controlled」↔「can't be controlled」

3. Sneezing in general

   ·A sneeze is caused by some kind of irritation in the nose.

   ·Nerve endings in the 33_____ are stimulated, leading to an explosion of air.

   答案：face

   原文定位：The result is a cascade of reactions, beginning with the stimulation of the nerve endings all over the face and generating an explosive expulsion of air

4. ·It is co-ordinated by the same mechanism that controls the production of 34_____ .

   答案：tears

   原文定位：The body's coordination of such reactions is complicated and belongs to the subconscious control hardware that regulates other things, for example, tears in the eyes

   同义替换：「co-ordinated」↔「coordination」，「controls」↔「regulates」，「production of tears」↔「tears in the eyes」

5. Research into photic sneezing

   The condition has been known for thousands of years.

   Aristotle: Why does the sun cause sneezing while a 35_____ does not?

   答案：fire

   原文定位：The Greek philosopher Aristotle asked, "Why does the sun prompt us to sneeze, whereas the heat of a fire does not

   同义替换：「cause」↔「prompt us to」，「while」↔「whereas」

6. Bacon showed the cause was light.

   Everett found 80% photic sneezers shared the habit with 36_____ .

   答案：relatives

   原文定位：He found that while eighty percent of sneezers reported other sneezers among their relatives, only twenty percent of non-sneezers did

   同义替换：「shared the habit with」↔「other sneezers among their」

7. Indicators

   Photic sneezers usually produce the same 37_____ of sneezes.

   答案：number|times

   原文定位：those with the condition almost always sneeze a set number of times on exposure to light

   同义替换：「usually」↔「almost always」，「same」↔「set」

8. The reaction is caused by a 38_____ in brightness.

   答案：contrast

   原文定位：The sneeze depends on a contrast in visible brightness, such as when the sun moves out from behind a cloud

   同义替换：「reaction」↔「sneeze」，「is caused by」↔「depends on」

9. The sneeze takes 39_____ to recharge.

   答案：time

   原文定位：The body needs time before it can be recharged

   同义替换：「takes」↔「needs」

10. Application

    The condition was often ignored apart from some research on photic sneezing among 40_____ .

    But studying it may result in breakthroughs for more serious conditions.

    答案：pilots

    原文定位：The photic sneeze had long been overlooked because its effects are generally less than serious, although the government did once study it as a risk factor for pilots

    同义替换：「ignored」↔「overlooked」，「research on」↔「study」，「among」↔「for」