Children Play Outdoors

题目与答案

1. 21-22 What do the speakers agree are the TWO reasons why children play outdoors less now than in the past?
   • Concerns about traffic
   • Limited outdoor play facilities
   • Increased time spent online
   • Preference for indoor play
   • Reduction in free time

   答案：Concerns about traffic,Reduction in free time

   原文定位：There's perhaps no single more important factor than parental worries about the dangers of vehicles on the streets;a study in Tokyo suggests it's the other way round, that children are spending more time in structured activities and out-of-school clubs than before. And this has a knock-on effect on what's left for outdoor play

   同义替换：「Concerns about traffic」↔「worries about the dangers of vehicles on the streets」，「Reduction in free time」↔「spending more time in structured activities and out-of-school clubs」

2. 23-24 In his assignment, which TWO aspects of outdoor play does Ravi want to focus on?
   • How it helps children to evaluate risk
   • How it broadens their horizons
   • How it aids children's muscular development
   • How it improves children's digestion
   • How it teaches children about the environment

   答案：How it helps children to evaluate risk,How it improves children's digestion

   原文定位：What sort of decisions do outdoor games and activities force children to make? Well, for example, how they decide how dangerous something might be. And I'd like to outline the main findings on that;I'd like to investigate some of the more unexpected benefits, like to children's digestion. This is because fresh air tends to stimulate hunger

   同义替换：「helps children to evaluate risk」↔「decide how dangerous something might be」，「improves children's digestion」↔「more unexpected benefits, like to children's digestion」

3. According to Ravi, in which TWO ways are children's periods of outdoor play now different from a generation ago?
   • They are less dangerous.
   • They involve fewer children.
   • They usually last a shorter time.
   • They include fewer made-up games.
   • They involve fewer chasing games.

   答案：They usually last a shorter time.,They include fewer made-up games.

   原文定位：Well, surprisingly, it's not so much how often children play outside or preferences for large or small groups, but the fact that the play sessions don't go on for as long;But one thing that has declined is improvised games, and I'd like to examine why this might be

   同义替换：「usually last a shorter time」↔「the play sessions don't go on for as long」，「include fewer made-up games」↔「one thing that has declined is improvised games」

4. 27 Ravi thinks parents should be more concerned about the decline of outdoor play because
   • It affects family relationships.
   • It leads to health problems later in life.
   • It makes childhood less enjoyable.

   答案：It leads to health problems later in life.

   原文定位：I think the decline of outdoor play is a problem which should worry parents;but the links between inactivity and physical problems when they're adults are so well established that I think kids should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors

   同义替换：「concerned」↔「worry」，「later in life」↔「when they're adults」，「health」↔「physical」，「leads to」↔「the links between」

5. 28 What does Ravi say that schools should do with regard to outdoor play?
   • Revise their aims.
   • Spend more money on it.
   • Listen to the views of parents.

   答案：Revise their aims.

   原文定位：Well, what I think they should do differently regarding outdoor play, and it wouldn't actually require a great deal of expenditure, is base their policy on different outcomes, like developing children's confidence, not just thinking about exam results

   同义替换：「Revise their aims」↔「base their policy on different outcomes, like developing children's confidence, not just thinking about exam results」

6. 29 What did Smith and Barker say about children in rural areas?
   • They tend not to be allowed on farmland.
   • They receive more supervision outdoors.
   • They spend more time outdoors than city children.

   答案：They tend not to be allowed on farmland.

   原文定位：There's research on this by Smith and Barker. Intuitively, you'd expect children in rural areas to spend more time out in the open, but in fact, they are generally told to keep off agricultural land

   同义替换：「tend not to be allowed」↔「are generally told to」，「farmland」↔「agricultural land」

7. 30 What problem does Dr Chang highlight about Smith and Barker's research?
   • Its findings are inconclusive.
   • It is too old to be useful.
   • Its focus is limited.

   答案：Its focus is limited.

   原文定位：Not the most up-to-date, but still valid to use. But you'll need to stipulate very precisely that their focus was, if I remember correctly, just on rural areas. So you'd need to consider how far their restricted findings might be applicable to urban areas as well

   同义替换：「limited」↔「restricted」