Shared Spaces

题目与答案

1. What were Monderman's TWO aims when promoting the idea of "shared spaces"?
   • to improve safety
   • to encourage walking
   • to improve the flow of vehicles
   • to improve the appearance of streets
   • to calculate optimum driving speeds

   答案：to improve safety,to improve the flow of vehicles

   原文定位：So far as I can tell, one of his main aims was to create behaviors among road users which would lead to fewer accidents because drivers would be driving at a sensible speed and be more wary of pedestrians;Right. And also, he hoped that rather than stopping and starting all the time, it would keep traffic moving more;I also think that the aesthetics of a street are improved if you get rid of traffic lights and things. But that wasn't really his goal, even though it sounds like a good idea

   同义替换：「improve safety」↔「lead to fewer accidents」，「improve the flow of vehicles」↔「keep traffic moving more」

2. Which TWO statements summarise Monderman's ideas?
   • Rules should be regularly updated
   • Anyone can be a competent driver
   • Ineffective street furniture should be removed
   • Town centres need to be continually modernised
   • More rules make drivers behave less responsibly

   答案：Ineffective street furniture should be removed,More rules make drivers behave less responsibly

   原文定位：Like that if there are restrictions everywhere, speed limits, no parking notices or whatever, that just makes drivers less aware of other road users and less concerned for them;But he said you shouldn't assume that they necessarily help anyone just because they're there. And if they don't, then scrap them

3. 25 The discovery made in Portishead
   • happened by chance
   • could not be explained
   • was made by a local newspaper

   答案：happened by chance

   原文定位：Well, I was amazed by what they discovered at Portishead. The traffic lights broke down one day, and suddenly the long tailbacks in the area had gone, just like that. So they realized the traffic lights had actually been causing the congestion, not easing it. Probably not what anyone would expect to happen

4. 26 When they switched off the traffic lights in Bristol, local authorities
   • risked facing legal action
   • failed to keep people informed
   • had to undertake complicated work

   答案：risked facing legal action

   原文定位：Well, apparently, as soon as the traffic lights were out of action, they just followed standard procedure and put up a lights out sign on the road. But I suppose there was a risk of litigation later if anything had gone wrong, and drivers might have taken the council to court saying they were confused

   同义替换：「local authorities」↔「council」，「risked facing legal action」↔「a risk of litigation」

5. 27 According to research into road safety around Europe, roads in Britain are
   • equally safe for drivers and pedestrians
   • safer for drivers than for pedestrians
   • safer for pedestrians than for drivers

   答案：safer for drivers than for pedestrians

   原文定位：I read some research into road safety around Europe, and it was saying that drivers on British roads have relatively few collisions and injuries. But the opposite applies for pedestrians. They tend to be involved in more accidents

6. 28 Why does Jack criticise the findings about disabled road users?
   • They were presented in an inappropriate form
   • They were too closely based on other research
   • They misrepresented the opinions of disabled people

   答案：They were presented in an inappropriate form

   原文定位：But this research, right, they'd done pie charts, so they were showing all this, you know, basically qualitative data as if it was quantitative research;There's no point doing a pie chart when you've only interviewed six people

   同义替换：「criticise」↔「There's no point」

7. 29 Compared to the men interviewed in Dishford, women were more likely to
   • feel anxious about crossing the road
   • want to change the layout of the square
   • say that pedestrians had equal status to drivers

   答案：feel anxious about crossing the road

   原文定位：Men and women had different opinions. More women tended to say they were worried about going over the road than men;Oh, really;Yes. Men and women were equally likely to say that the design of the area needed further modifications, and women said that they felt they ought to have equal priority with vehicle users

   同义替换：「anxious」↔「worried」，「more likely to」↔「tended to」

8. 30 According to the group 'Living Streets' urban planners should
   • give the public clearer choices
   • consult local people early in the design process
   • walk more around the neighborhood they are working in

   答案：consult local people early in the design process

   原文定位：Like rather than presenting the public with two or more ready-made designs for a neighborhood and giving them a choice, planners should start by meeting the people who live in a neighborhood and finding out what they want

   同义替换：「consult local people early」↔「start by meeting the people who live in a neighborhood and finding out what they want」