Theories of Intelligence

题目与答案

1. 1st theory (developed by psychologists such as Spearman, 1920s)

   ·Everyone has a particular intelligence quotient (IQ).

   ·There is no change during a person’s 31_____ .

   答案：lifetime

   原文定位：According to that theory, we're born with a certain level of intelligence, which is inherited from our parents, and our intelligence remains constant throughout our life

   同义替换：「no change」↔「remains constant」，「during」↔「throughout」

2. ·Intelligence is seen as genetic in origin.

   ·This theory is supported by research into the intelligence of 32_____ .

   答案：twins

   原文定位：Most of the evidence for the genetic origin of intelligence has come from studies of twins, which show a considerable similarity in their intelligence

   同义替换：「supported by」↔「evidence for」，「research into」↔「studies of」

3. 2nd theory (based on the same research)

   ·Intelligence is due to environmental factors.

   ·Two children from the same family are likely to have similar 33_____ affecting their intelligence.

   答案：experiences

   原文定位：These psychologists point out that children brought up in the same family are likely to have experiences which are very similar

4. ·Evidence:

   - The Raven’s test is used to assess people’s ability to reason in an abstract way.

   - It found that after moving to a different culture there was an 34_____ in children’s intelligence.

   答案：improvement

   原文定位：Yet some research using Raven's into children who moved home and lived in another culture found that after a few years, there was a significant improvement in their results

   同义替换：「moving to a different」↔「lived in another」

5. 3rd theory (Howard Gardner, 1990s)

   ·People have multiple intelligences, including traditional ones (e.g. linguistic), and non- traditional (e.g. 35_____)

   答案：musical

   原文定位：The list includes what you might expect, such as linguistic and logical skills, and also other less traditional ones, such as a category of musical abilities

   同义替换：「traditional ones」↔「linguistic」，「non-traditional」↔「less traditional」，「e.g.」↔「such as」

6. ·It is based on research that suggests specific parts of the 36_____ control specific cognitive abilities.

   答案：brain

   原文定位：Research in neuropsychology suggests that different cognitive abilities, such as speech, may be partially independent of each other and controlled by different circuits within the brain

   同义替换：「specific parts」↔「different circuits within」

7. ·It is supported by the fact that some people have problems identifying a 37_____ but no problems in other related areas.

   答案：face

   原文定位：Support for this theory comes from the fact that some people show a weakness in one particular area. For instance, some find it very difficult to recognize someone's face, while they may have no problem remembering names

   同义替换：「have problems identifying」↔「find it very difficult to recognize」

8. ·According to Gardner’s theory, there is 38_____ between the different intelligences.

   答案：interaction

   原文定位：Gardner suggests that the various intelligences don't operate in isolation from each other, and instead, that interaction between them creates a far more complex picture and greatly increases what we can achieve

   同义替换：「different」↔「various」

9. This can be used to improve learning:

   ·Surprisingly, improvements in rhythm may affect 39_____ .

   答案：spelling

   原文定位：If you develop a sense of rhythm, this can improve not only music and dance, as you would expect, but also areas that aren't obviously linked. Spelling, for instance

   同义替换：「improvements in」↔「develop a sense of」，「may affect」↔「can improve」

10. ·Scientific facts may be easier to remember if learnt as a 40_____ .

    答案：song

    原文定位：If you need to learn a chemical formula or law of physics by heart, turn it into a song

    同义替换：「Scientific facts」↔「chemical formula or law of physics」，「remember」↔「learn」