雅思阅读真题（Part 2）

Biotechnology's third wave

生物技术第三次浪潮：酶与工业应用

本篇也叫：生物技术第三次浪潮、生物技术第三波、酶工程、工业酶、生物技术第三浪潮、第三次生物技术革命

Part 2 · 最近考试：2026.10.18广州BC天河城

本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 2）《Biotechnology's third wave》，共 11 题，2026.10.18广州BC天河城雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。

文章大意

文章介绍生物技术的第三次浪潮：酶这种天然蛋白质正从医药、农业扩展到工厂、矿山、造纸和纺织等工业领域。酶具有高度专一性，能减少副产物；通过基因改造微生物可生产耐酸、耐低温的工业酶。纺织和造纸业已用酶替代传统化学工艺，减少污染和能耗。文章还讨论酶与基因工程结合的商业前景及环保争议。

题目原文

A 

For most of its history, biotechnology was associated with medicine and agriculture. A third wave, however, is now moving beyond hospitals and farms into factories, mines, paper mills and even clothing manufacturers.

 

B 

The central agents in this third wave are enzymes, natural proteins that speed up chemical reactions. The advantage is that enzymes are highly specific: a factory can achieve a desired result with fewer unwanted by-products than traditional chemical processes usually produce.

 

C 

Enzymes are not new to industry. By studying the structure of natural enzymes and altering the genes of microorganisms, scientists can produce enzymes that remain active in unusual conditions, such as extreme acidity or relatively low temperatures.

 

D 

One widely cited example is the textile industry. Some manufacturers of cotton fabrics now use enzymes to perform the same task more gently. The fabric becomes smoother and brighter, while less water and energy are consumed. For consumers, the final product may appear no different, but the method of production can be far less damaging.

 

E 

The paper and pulp industry has also experimented with enzyme-based processes. Conventional bleaching can involve chlorine compounds, which may produce harmful pollutants if not carefully controlled. Certain enzymes can help prepare the pulp for bleaching, reducing the amount of chlorine-based chemicals required.

 

F 

A further development combines enzymes with genetic engineering. Instead of simply finding useful enzymes in nature, researchers can insert selected genes into bacteria, yeasts or fungi, turning them into miniature factories. These organisms can then produce large quantities of enzymes for commercial use.

 

G 

The commercial appeal is obvious, factories may require less energy, produce less waste and rely less heavily on petroleum-based raw materials. However, critics warn that the environmental benefits are not automatic. Growing crops for bio-based products, for example, can compete with food production or lead to land-use problems if not managed carefully.

 

H 

Despite these concerns, many analysts believe the third wave could bring major environmental advantages. The promise is especially attractive because it links environmental protection with profit: companies save money while improving their public image.

 

I 

There remain obstacles. New biological processes must be reliable, safe and cost-effective before manufacturers will adopt them. Companies must prove that their methods do not create new risks. Nevertheless, the third wave of biotechnology is moving from the laboratory into everyday industry.

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题目与答案

  1. an example of a traditional manufacturing process being replaced by a gentler biological method
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：D

    原文定位：One widely cited example is the textile industry. Some manufacturers of cotton fabrics now use enzymes to perform the same task more gently

    同义替换：「an example of」↔「One widely cited example is」，「gentler」↔「gently」，「biological method」↔「use enzymes」

  2. the idea that a cleaner production method may also improve a company's commercial position
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：H

    原文定位：The promise is especially attractive because it links environmental protection with profit: companies save money while improving their public image

    同义替换：「a cleaner production method」↔「environmental protection」，「company's commercial position」↔「save money while improving their public image」

  3. a description of organisms being modified so that they can manufacture useful substances
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：F

    原文定位：Instead of simply finding useful enzymes in nature, researchers can insert selected genes into bacteria, yeasts or fungi, turning them into miniature factories. These organisms can then produce large quantities of enzymes for commercial use

    同义替换：「useful substances」↔「large quantities of enzymes for commercial use」，「manufacture」↔「produce」

  4. a possible negative consequence of producing materials from biological resources
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：G

    原文定位：Growing crops for bio‑based products, for example, can compete with food production or lead to land‑use problems if not managed carefully

    同义替换：「producing materials from biological resources」↔「Growing crops for bio‑based products」，「possible negative consequence」↔「can compete with food production or lead to land‑use problems」

  5. 18-19 According to the passage, enzymes used in industry can
    • bring about changes without producing as many unwanted substances.
    • operate only inside the human body.
    • be adapted to function in conditions that are not normally favourable.
    • remove the need for microorganisms in production.
    • make all industrial processes completely waste-free.

    答案：bring about changes without producing as many unwanted substances.,be adapted to function in conditions that are not normally favourable.

    原文定位：The advantage is that enzymes are highly specific: a factory can achieve a desired result with fewer unwanted by‑products than traditional chemical processes usually produce;By studying the structure of natural enzymes and altering the genes of microorganisms, scientists can produce enzymes that remain active in unusual conditions, such as extreme acidity or relatively low temperatures

    同义替换：「enzymes used in industry」↔「enzymes」，「unwanted substances」↔「unwanted by‑products」，「not normally favourable」↔「unusual conditions」，「be adapted」↔「altering the genes」

  6. 20-21 Which TWO statements about the third wave of biotechnology are true according to the passage?
    • It has extended biotechnology into sectors beyond healthcare and farming.
    • It has already replaced conventional manufacturing in most factories.
    • It may allow some goods to be produced with lower environmental impact.
    • It has made consumers more willing to accept genetic engineering.
    • It depends mainly on the use of extreme heat and pressure.

    答案：It has extended biotechnology into sectors beyond healthcare and farming.,It may allow some goods to be produced with lower environmental impact.

    原文定位：For most of its history, biotechnology was associated with medicine and agriculture. A third wave, however, is now moving beyond hospitals and farms into factories, mines, paper mills and even clothing manufacturers;For consumers, the final product may appear no different, but the method of production can be far less damaging

    同义替换：「third wave of biotechnology」↔「third wave」，「healthcare and farming」↔「medicine and agriculture」，「extended」↔「moving into」，「may allow some goods to be produced with lower environmental impact」↔「the method of production can be far less damaging」

  7. Industrial biotechnology may change the way everyday goods are produced, even when the finished items look the same to 22_____ .

    答案：consumers

    原文定位：For consumers, the final product may appear no different, but the method of production can be far less damaging

    同义替换：「finished items」↔「final product」，「look the same」↔「appear no different」

  8. In fabric treatment, biological agents can improve the appearance of cotton while cutting the need for water and 23_____ .

    答案：energy

    原文定位：The fabric becomes smoother and brighter, while less water and energy are consumed

    同义替换：「improve the appearance of cotton」↔「becomes smoother and brighter」，「cutting」↔「less」，「the need for」↔「are consumed」

  9. In paper production, they can help reduce reliance on chlorine-based 24_____ .

    答案：chemicals

    原文定位：Certain enzymes can help prepare the pulp for bleaching, reducing the amount of chlorine‑based chemicals required

    同义替换：「paper production」↔「paper and pulp industry」，「reduce reliance on」↔「reducing the amount of」，「chlorine‑based」↔「chlorine‑based」

  10. Some microbes can be turned into miniature 25_____ by inserting selected genes into them.

    答案：factories

    原文定位：Instead of simply finding useful enzymes in nature, researchers can insert selected genes into bacteria, yeasts or fungi, turning them into miniature factories

    同义替换：「be turned into」↔「turning them into」，「by inserting selected genes into them」↔「insert selected genes into」

  11. Before such methods are widely accepted, firms must demonstrate that they will not introduce new 26_____ .

    答案：risks

    原文定位：Companies must prove that their methods do not create new risks

    同义替换：「firms」↔「Companies」，「demonstrate」↔「prove」，「introduce」↔「create」

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